Ingerophrynus quadriporcatus
Silhouette: Michael Scroggie, from original photograph by Gary M. Stolz, USFWS (original photograph in public domain). · PhyloPic
In 3 days ~10% in a week ~30%
Ingerophrynus quadriporcatus is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. Its common names are long-glanded toad, four-ridged toad and greater Malacca toad. It is found in Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo (Sabah, Brunei, Sarawak, and Kalimantan), Sumatra, and the Natuna Islands.
Its natural habitats are swamp forests, but it has also been found on rubber plantations. It breeds in standing water. Male Ingerophrynus quadriporcatus grow to a snout–vent length of about 48 mm (1.9 in) and females to 53–63 mm (2.1–2.5 in). They have a distinct tympanum. The dorsum is dark or light brown above and on sides, usually uniform in colour, and without distinct markings. Ventral colour is yellowish brown, possibly with dark spots. Skin on top of head and body is covered with many conical spines.
Ingerophrynus quadriporcatus may be common in suitable swampy habitats, but it is not abundant. It is threatened by habitat loss caused by expanding oil palm plantations, infrastructure development, and logging. Wikipedia →
| # | Park | Country | Daily sighting probability |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bako National Park | 🇲🇾 Malaysia |
More parks will be added in future updates.
| # | City | Country | Daily sighting probability |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Singapore | 🇸🇬 Singapore |
Rare
Under 5% of wildlife watchers report a four-ridged toad sighting in Singapore on a given day, based on 36 verified sightings from GBIF citizen-science data. It is the 8th most-seen of the 20 amphibians we can rate there. Over three days the chance rises to about 10%, and over a week to about 30%, if each day is a fresh chance.
January, June and November
In those months about 10% of wildlife watchers report a four-ridged toad in Singapore on a given day, against under 5% in February–May, July–October and December, the lowest months.
Between 2 and 5 pm
Across all the parks we cover, that three-hour window holds the most four-ridged toad sightings with a recorded time, and about 6 in 10 of them come between 6 am and 6 pm: it is seen both by day and at night.
Only Singapore, in our data
Singapore is the only city on Wallace's Line with enough records to rate four-ridged toad sightings: under 5% of wildlife watchers there report one on a given day.
GBIF citizen-science records
It is estimated from how often the four-ridged toad is recorded against all the amphibians logged in Singapore (36 verified sightings), calibrated against known sighting rates. Figures are rounded to the nearest 10% because citizen-science data supports honest approximations, not decimals, and months with records from fewer than five people show "—". How it works.
