Pemara pugnans
In 3 days ~10% in a week ~20%
Oerane pugnans, the pugnacious lancer, is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It was described by Lionel de Nicéville in 1891. It is found in the Indomalayan realm (Burma, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo, Sumatra, Siberut, Nias, Bangka and Java).The ground colour is brown or yellow brown' The small spots of the forewing are hyaline. The lower cellular spot is situate at the lower cell-wall, and below
it there is a rather large, almost rectangular transverse spot. The hindwing is on both sides spotless dark brown, but above the hair in the proximal portion of the wing is somewhat lighter glossy. Wikipedia →
| # | Park | Country | Daily sighting probability |
|---|
More parks will be added in future updates.
| # | City | Country | Daily sighting probability |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Singapore | 🇸🇬 Singapore |
Rare
Under 5% of wildlife watchers report a Pugnacious Lancer sighting in Singapore on a given day, based on 6 verified sightings from GBIF citizen-science data. It is the 891st most-seen of the 1045 insects we can rate there. Over three days the chance rises to about 10%, and over a week to about 20%, if each day is a fresh chance.
Any time of year
In every month with enough records, under 5% of wildlife watchers report a Pugnacious Lancer in Singapore on a given day, so our monthly data shows no clear season.
Only Singapore, in our data
Singapore is the only city on Wallace's Line with enough records to rate Pugnacious Lancer sightings: under 5% of wildlife watchers there report one on a given day.
Same family: Hesperiidae
The closest relatives of the Pugnacious Lancer that you can see in Singapore (family Hesperiidae, Skippers) are Chestnut Bob (about 20%), Yellow Vein Lancer (about 20%) and Indian Palm Bob (about 10%), with each one's daily chance of a sighting.
GBIF citizen-science records
It is estimated from how often the Pugnacious Lancer is recorded against all the insects logged in Singapore (6 verified sightings), calibrated against known sighting rates. Figures are rounded to the nearest 10% because citizen-science data supports honest approximations, not decimals, and months with records from fewer than five people show "—". How it works.
