About the Carabus insulicola
Carabus insulicola is a species of black-colored beetle from the family Carabidae native to Japan. They are also known as ground beetles, and are oval shaped and elongated. They are black with a green metallic hue and vertical stripes running down their backs. The length of a fully grown beetle ranges from 27 to 31 mm. They have three pairs of legs and two pairs of wings. The outer wings are greatly degenerated, making them unable to fly. However, their relatively long legs allow them to walk and run fast. They have prominent mandibles that allow them to capture and eat prey.
This ground beetle species is most active during the summer, which is when their mating season occurs. Both females and males can mate with multiple partners during one mating season. This creates a unique situation for sperm competition to occur. Two methods that male C. insulicola use to increase their reproductive success are post-copulatory guarding and spermatophore displacement. Post-copulatory guarding is when a male remains on the female’s back after copulation, which increases the likelihood of the first mate fertilizing the eggs. Spermatophore displacement is when the second mate replaces the first mate’s spermatophore from the optimal position in the vagina with his own spermatophore, which increases his own chances of fertilizing the eggs. The male genitalia have evolved to make spermatophore displacement more efficient, but in response, female genitalia have coevolved to minimize female fitness costs. Wikipedia →