Apatura iris
In 3 days ~10% in a week ~30%
Apatura iris, the purple emperor, is a Palearctic butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. Adults have dark brown wings with white bands and spots, and a small orange ring on each of the hindwings. Males have a wingspan of 70–80 millimetres (2.8–3.1 in), and have a purple-blue sheen caused by iridescence that the slightly larger (80–92 mm) females lack. The larvae (caterpillars) are green with white and yellow markings, and have two large "horns" at the anterior end and a smaller one at the posterior.
Females spend most of their lives in the tree canopy, favouring dense and mature oak woodlands, coming down only to lay their eggs on the small willow bushes that grow in clearings and bridleways. Males also spend much of their time in the tree tops, defending their territory from rivals, though they will sometimes descend to drink from puddles or feed. Unlike most butterflies, the purple emperor does not feed from flowers but instead on the honeydew secreted by aphids, sap oozing from oak trees, and on dung, urine, and animal carcasses.
Richard South noted that collectors once used animal carcasses "in a somewhat advanced state of decay" to lure the males down... Wikipedia →
| # | Park | Country | Daily sighting probability |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Biebrza National Park | 🇵🇱 Poland | |
| 2 | Triglav National Park | 🇸🇮 Slovenia | |
| 3 | Tatra National Park | 🇸🇰 Slovakia | |
| 4 | Białowieża National Park | 🇵🇱 Poland | |
| 5 | Aigüestortes National Park | 🇪🇸 Spain | |
| 6 | Hohe Tauern National Park | 🇦🇹 Austria | |
| 7 | Bavarian Forest National Park | 🇩🇪 Germany | |
| 8 | Ecrins National Park | 🇫🇷 France | |
| 9 | Pyrénées National Park | 🇫🇷 France |
| # | City | Country | Daily sighting probability |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Essen | 🇩🇪 Germany | |
| 2 | Yekaterinburg | 🇷🇺 Russia | |
| 3 | Moscow | 🇷🇺 Russia |
Rare
Under 5% of wildlife watchers report a Purple Emperor sighting in Essen on a given day, based on 8 verified sightings from GBIF citizen-science data. It is the 282nd most-seen of the 434 insects we can rate there. Over three days the chance rises to about 10%, and over a week to about 30%, if each day is a fresh chance.
June
In that month about 10% of wildlife watchers report a Purple Emperor in Essen on a given day, against under 5% in July to May, the lowest months.
Between 10 am and 1 pm
Across all the parks we cover, that three-hour window holds the most Purple Emperor sightings with a recorded time, and nearly all of them come between 6 am and 6 pm: it is a daytime animal.
Yes
Of the 3 cities where we can rate Purple Emperor sightings, Essen has the highest daily chance: under 5%. Next come Yekaterinburg (Russia, under 5%) and Moscow (Russia, under 5%).
Same family: Nymphalidae
The closest relatives of the Purple Emperor that you can see in Essen (family Nymphalidae, Brush-footed Butterflies) are European Peacock Butterfly (about 20%), Red Admiral (about 20%) and Speckled Wood (about 20%), with each one's daily chance of a sighting.
GBIF citizen-science records
It is estimated from how often the Purple Emperor is recorded against all the insects logged in Essen (8 verified sightings), calibrated against known sighting rates. Figures are rounded to the nearest 10% because citizen-science data supports honest approximations, not decimals, and months with records from fewer than five people show "—". How it works.
