Phrynoidis juxtasper
Silhouette: Michael Scroggie, from original photograph by Gary M. Stolz, USFWS (original photograph in public domain). · PhyloPic
In 3 days ~50% in a week ~80%
Phrynoidis juxtasper, also known as the giant river toad or Borneo river toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in Borneo (Brunei, Indonesia, and Malaysia) and Sumatra (Indonesia) below 1,600 m (5,200 ft) asl. Prior to its species description, it was confused with Phrynoidis asper (hence the specific name juxtasper, from Latin juxta- meaning "near to").
Phrynoidis juxtasper are large toads: males grow to 122 mm (4.8 in) and females to 215 mm (8.5 in) in snout–vent length. Habitus is stocky, but the limbs are relatively long. The snout is obtusely pointed. The tympanum is distinct. Supratympanic bony crests are thick and the parotoid glands are large. Skin bears large, round warts; ventral skin is granular. Warts of head, trunk, and limbs have melanic spinules on their tips. Toes have extensive webbing.
These toads can secrete large amounts of highly toxic, milky poison from their warts when disturbed. Eggs and tadpoles are also poisonous. Natural habitats of Phrynoidis juxtasper are primary and secondary forests, often along rocky creeks and riverbanks. They are good swimmers and jumpers.
Phrynoidis juxtasper... Wikipedia →
| # | Park | Country | Daily sighting probability |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kinabalu Park | 🇲🇾 Malaysia |
More parks will be added in future updates.
| # | Zoo / Centre | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | California Academy of Sciences | 🇺🇸 United States | |
| 2 | Aquarium of the Bay | 🇺🇸 United States |
Possible
About 20% of wildlife watchers report a Borneo River Toad sighting in Kinabalu Park on a given day, based on 18 verified sightings from GBIF citizen-science data from 2019 to 2026. It is the 25th most-seen of the 40 amphibians we can rate there. Over three days the chance rises to about 50%, and over a week to about 80%, if each day is a fresh chance.
February and November
In those months about 40% of wildlife watchers report a Borneo River Toad in Kinabalu Park on a given day, against under 5% in March, May and September–October, the lowest months.
Between 1 and 4 pm
Across all the parks we cover, that three-hour window holds the most Borneo River Toad sightings with a recorded time, and about 8 in 10 of them come between 6 am and 6 pm: it is a daytime animal.
Only Kinabalu Park, in our data
Kinabalu Park is the only park on Wallace's Line with enough records to rate Borneo River Toad sightings: about 20% of wildlife watchers there report one on a given day.
Same family: Bufonidae
The closest relatives of the Borneo River Toad that you can see in Kinabalu Park (family Bufonidae, True Toads) are Kinabalu Slender Toad (about 40%), Spiny Slender Toad (about 30%) and Long-fingered Stream Toad (about 30%), with each one's daily chance of a sighting.
GBIF citizen-science records
It is estimated from how often the Borneo River Toad is recorded against all the amphibians logged in Kinabalu Park (18 verified sightings from 2019 to 2026), calibrated against known sighting rates. Figures are rounded to the nearest 10% because citizen-science data supports honest approximations, not decimals, and months with records from fewer than five people show "—". How it works.
