Heliactin bilophus
Silhouette: Ferran Sayol · PhyloPic
In 3 days <5% in a week ~10%
The horned sungem (Heliactin bilophus) is a species of hummingbird native to much of central Brazil and parts of Bolivia and Suriname. It prefers open habitats such as savanna and grassland and readily occupies human-created habitats such as gardens. It recently expanded its range into southern Amazonas and Espírito Santo, probably as a result of deforestation; few other hummingbird species have recently expanded their range. The horned sungem is a small hummingbird with a long tail and a comparatively short, black bill. The sexes differ markedly in appearance, with males sporting two feather tufts ("horns") above the eyes that are shiny red, golden, and green. Males also have a shiny blue head crest and a black throat with a pointed "beard". The female is plainer and has a brown or yellow-buff throat. The species is the only one within its genus, Heliactin.
The horned sungem is a nomadic species, moving between areas in response to the seasonal flowering of the plants on which it feeds. It relies on a broad variety of flowering plants for nectar. If the shape of the flower is incompatible with the bird's comparatively short bill, it may rob the nectar through a little hole at the base of the flower. The sungem does also consume small insects. Only the female builds the nest, incubates the eggs, and rears the chicks. She lays two white eggs in a small cup nest which are incubated for about 13 days. The chicks are naked and black after hatching, and can fly when 20 to 22 days old. The horned sungem has been reported to readily defend territories both against members of its own species and against subordinate hummingbird species. The species is currently classified as least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, and its population is thought to be increasing. Wikipedia →
| # | Park | Country | Daily sighting probability |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Chapada Diamantina National Park | 🇧🇷 Brazil | |
| 2 | Emas National Park | 🇧🇷 Brazil | |
| 3 | Serra da Canastra National Park | 🇧🇷 Brazil | |
| 4 | Chapada dos Guimarães National Park | 🇧🇷 Brazil |
Rare
Under 5% of wildlife watchers report a Horned Sungem sighting in Chapada dos Guimarães National Park on a given day, based on 13 verified sightings from GBIF citizen-science data from 2019 to 2026. It is the 213th most-seen of the 273 birds we can rate there. Over three days the chance rises to under 5%, and over a week to about 10%, if each day is a fresh chance.
Any time of year
In every month with enough records, under 5% of wildlife watchers report a Horned Sungem in Chapada dos Guimarães National Park on a given day, so our monthly data shows no clear season. February to April have too few records to rate.
Between 6 and 9 am
Across all the parks we cover, that three-hour window holds the most Horned Sungem sightings with a recorded time, and about 9 in 10 of them come between 6 am and 6 pm: it is a daytime animal.
4th of 4
Of the 4 parks where we can rate Horned Sungem sightings, Chapada dos Guimarães National Park ranks 4th at under 5%. The best odds are in Chapada Diamantina National Park (Brazil, about 20%), Emas National Park (Brazil, about 10%) and Serra da Canastra National Park (Brazil, under 5%).
Same family: Trochilidae
The closest relatives of the Horned Sungem that you can see in Chapada dos Guimarães National Park (family Trochilidae, Hummingbirds) are Fork-tailed Woodnymph (about 30%), Glittering-bellied Emerald (about 30%) and Glittering-throated Emerald (about 20%), with each one's daily chance of a sighting.
GBIF citizen-science records
It is estimated from how often the Horned Sungem is recorded against all the birds logged in Chapada dos Guimarães National Park (13 verified sightings from 2019 to 2026), calibrated against known sighting rates. Figures are rounded to the nearest 10% because citizen-science data supports honest approximations, not decimals, and months with records from fewer than five people show "—". How it works.
