Incilius luetkenii
Silhouette: Jose Carlos Arenas-Monroy · PhyloPic
In 3 days ~40% in a week ~70%
Incilius luetkenii (formerly Bufo luetkenii, common name yellow toad) is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in Mesoamerica along the Pacific versant from central Costa Rica to extreme southern Chiapas, Mexico (including the intervening Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua), as well as dry interior valleys of Guatemala and Honduras and San Juan River drainage in Costa Rica on the Atlantic versant. It occurs in open areas, including disturbed pasturelands in lowland dry forests, and to a lesser extent, in lowland moist and premontane moist forests. It breeds in temporary pools. It is a common species that is not facing major threats. Additionally, this species of toad is known for using their vocal behaviors in order to call for mating. This can sometimes lead to aggression between those who are male in the species. Wikipedia →
Recording0:59
El Salvador · 2023
© Carlos Funes · iNaturalist · CC BY 4.0
Recording0:14
Costa Rica · 2026
© julie richardson · iNaturalist · CC BY-NC 4.0
| # | Park | Country | Daily sighting probability |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Santa Rosa National Park | 🇨🇷 Costa Rica | |
| 2 | Palo Verde National Park | 🇨🇷 Costa Rica | |
| 3 | Cabo Blanco Absolute Nature Reserve | 🇨🇷 Costa Rica | |
| 4 | Ostional Wildlife Refuge | 🇨🇷 Costa Rica | |
| 5 | Carara National Park | 🇨🇷 Costa Rica |
| # | City | Country | Daily sighting probability |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Managua | 🇳🇮 Nicaragua |
With luck
About 10% of wildlife watchers report a Yellow Toad sighting in Managua on a given day, based on 5 verified sightings from GBIF citizen-science data. Over three days the chance rises to about 40%, and over a week to about 70%, if each day is a fresh chance.
June and September
In those months about 30% of wildlife watchers report a Yellow Toad in Managua on a given day, against under 5% in July–August and November–March, the lowest months. Those are among Managua's wettest months, with about 250 mm of rain a month against almost none in January.
Between 6 and 9 pm
Across all the parks we cover, that three-hour window holds the most Yellow Toad sightings with a recorded time, and about 8 in 10 of them come between 6 pm and 6 am: it is mostly seen at night.
Only Managua, in our data
Managua is the only city on Wallace's Line with enough records to rate Yellow Toad sightings: about 10% of wildlife watchers there report one on a given day.
Same order: Anura
The closest relatives of the Yellow Toad that you can see in Managua (order Anura, Frogs and Toads) are Mexican Smilisca (about 20%) and Guayaquil Dwarf Frog (about 10%), with each one's daily chance of a sighting.
GBIF citizen-science records
It is estimated from how often the Yellow Toad is recorded against all the amphibians logged in Managua (5 verified sightings), calibrated against known sighting rates. Figures are rounded to the nearest 10% because citizen-science data supports honest approximations, not decimals, and months with records from fewer than five people show "—". How it works.
