Hipparchia hermione
In 3 days ~40% in a week ~70%
Hipparchia hermione, the rock grayling, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. The species can be found in Central Europe, Southern Europe, Eastern Europe, North Africa, Anatolia and the Caucasus. The wingspan is 27–34 millimetres (1.1–1.3 in).The ground colour is dark brown. There is a white submarginal band, bordered with an interrupted fringe and a large black ocellus at the apex of the forewing. The hindwing has a small ocellus with a very discrete pupil.
The underside of the forewing is similar: brown with a white submarginal band and the black ocellus with white pupil at the apex, while the hindwing is marbled with brown and white with a broad white band. No sexual dimorphism.
Similar to Hipparchia fagi, but on the underside the deep dark basal area of both wings contrasts much more sharply with the light band, and the latter, which is almost pure white on the hindwing, contrasts again conspicuously with the broad dark distal margin. The conspicuousness of the pattern on the underside of the hindwing is especially noticeable in the male, but even in the duller coloured female the band on the hindwing beneath is still quite distinct, although sparsely irrorated with black.
It is smaller than fagi. The butterflies fly from June to September on steep rocky slopes, in open forest, margins and forest clearings and in shrubland. The larvae feed on various types of grass. Wikipedia →
| # | Park | Country | Daily sighting probability |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Picos de Europa National Park | 🇪🇸 Spain | |
| 2 | Sierra Nevada National Park | 🇪🇸 Spain | |
| 3 | Sierra de Guadarrama National Park | 🇪🇸 Spain | |
| 4 | Mercantour National Park | 🇫🇷 France | |
| 5 | Pyrénées National Park | 🇫🇷 France |
Possible
About 20% of wildlife watchers report a Rock Grayling sighting in Sierra de Guadarrama National Park on a given day, based on 138 verified sightings from GBIF citizen-science data from 2019 to 2026. It is the 27th most-seen of the 597 insects we can rate there. Over three days the chance rises to about 40%, and over a week to about 70%, if each day is a fresh chance.
July and August
In those months about 40% of wildlife watchers report a Rock Grayling in Sierra de Guadarrama National Park on a given day, against under 5% in October to May, the lowest months. Those are among Sierra de Guadarrama National Park's driest months, with about 20 mm of rain a month against 110 mm in November.
Between 10 am and 1 pm
Across all the parks we cover, that three-hour window holds the most Rock Grayling sightings with a recorded time, and about 9 in 10 of them come between 6 am and 6 pm: it is a daytime animal.
Among the best
Of the 5 parks where we can rate Rock Grayling sightings, Sierra de Guadarrama National Park ranks 3rd at about 20%, level with the leaders once rounded. The best odds are in Picos de Europa National Park (Spain, about 20%) and Sierra Nevada National Park (Spain, about 20%).
Same genus: Hipparchia
The closest relatives of the Rock Grayling that you can see in Sierra de Guadarrama National Park (genus Hipparchia) are Grayling (about 10%) and Tree Grayling (about 10%), with each one's daily chance of a sighting.
GBIF citizen-science records
It is estimated from how often the Rock Grayling is recorded against all the insects logged in Sierra de Guadarrama National Park (138 verified sightings from 2019 to 2026), calibrated against known sighting rates. Figures are rounded to the nearest 10% because citizen-science data supports honest approximations, not decimals, and months with records from fewer than five people show "—". How it works.
