Eastern Giant Swallowtail

Eastern Giant Swallowtail

Papilio cresphontes

Daily sighting probability ~10% · With luck
at Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge

In 3 days ~30% in a week ~50%

22 Verified sightings at Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge From 2019 to 2026
252 In all 3 parks
June Best month
☀️ Diurnal When it's spotted

About the Eastern Giant Swallowtail

The eastern giant swallowtail (Papilio cresphontes) is the largest butterfly in North America. It is abundant through many parts of eastern North America; populations from western North America and down into Panama are now (as of 2014) considered to belong to a different species, Papilio rumiko. Though it is often valued in gardens for its striking appearance, its larval stage can be a serious pest to citrus farms, which has earned its caterpillars the names orange dog or orange puppy. The eastern giant swallowtail caterpillars possess remarkable camouflage from predators by closely resembling bird droppings. They use this, along with their osmeteria, to defend against predators such as wasps, flies, and vertebrates.

The eastern giant swallowtail is common across the United States, reaching as far north as southern New England and southern Canada. South of the United States, it is found in parts of Mexico and also found in Jamaica and Cuba. The species was historically considered to occur in the western United States and into South America, but now those populations are treated as a separate species, the western giant swallowtail (Papilio rumiko), based largely... Wikipedia →

Global Distribution

Parks Where Found

# Park Country Daily sighting probability
1 Point Pelee National Park 🇨🇦 Canada
~30%
2 Everglades National Park 🇺🇸 United States
~20%
3 Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge 🇺🇸 United States
~10%

Cities Where Found

# City Country Daily sighting probability
1 Miami 🇺🇸 United States
~20%
2 Montreal 🇨🇦 Canada
~10%
3 Houston 🇺🇸 United States
~10%
4 Detroit 🇺🇸 United States
~10%
5 Orlando 🇺🇸 United States
~10%
6 Dallas 🇺🇸 United States
~10%
7 Toronto 🇨🇦 Canada
~10%
8 Austin 🇺🇸 United States
<5%
9 Minneapolis [Saint Paul] 🇺🇸 United States
<5%
10 Chicago 🇺🇸 United States
<5%

Before you go

What are the chances of seeing an Eastern Giant Swallowtail in Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge?

With luck

About 10% of wildlife watchers report an Eastern Giant Swallowtail sighting in Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge on a given day, based on 22 verified sightings from GBIF citizen-science data from 2019 to 2026. It is the 58th most-seen of the 189 insects we can rate there. Over three days the chance rises to about 30%, and over a week to about 50%, if each day is a fresh chance.

When is the best time to see an Eastern Giant Swallowtail in Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge?

June and August–September

In those months about 20% of wildlife watchers report an Eastern Giant Swallowtail in Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge on a given day, against under 5% in October to February, the lowest months. Those are among Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge's wettest months, with about 190 mm of rain a month against 50 mm in March.

What time of day is best to see an Eastern Giant Swallowtail?

Between 9 am and noon

Across all the parks we cover, that three-hour window holds the most Eastern Giant Swallowtail sightings with a recorded time, and about 9 in 10 of them come between 6 am and 6 pm: it is a daytime animal.

Is Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge the best place to see an Eastern Giant Swallowtail?

3rd of 3

Of the 3 parks where we can rate Eastern Giant Swallowtail sightings, Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge ranks 3rd at about 10%. The best odds are in Point Pelee National Park (Canada, about 30%) and Everglades National Park (United States, about 20%).

Which relatives of the Eastern Giant Swallowtail live in Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge?

Same genus: Papilio

The closest relatives of the Eastern Giant Swallowtail that you can see in Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge (genus Papilio, Common Swallowtails) are Black Swallowtail (about 10%), Palamedes Swallowtail (about 10%) and Spicebush Swallowtail (about 10%), with each one's daily chance of a sighting.

Where does the Eastern Giant Swallowtail sighting chance come from?

GBIF citizen-science records

It is estimated from how often the Eastern Giant Swallowtail is recorded against all the insects logged in Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge (22 verified sightings from 2019 to 2026), calibrated against known sighting rates. Figures are rounded to the nearest 10% because citizen-science data supports honest approximations, not decimals, and months with records from fewer than five people show "—". How it works.

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