About the Common Ringlet
Coenonympha california, also known as the California ringlet or common ringlet, is a species of butterfly native to North America. Although it has previously been considered a subspecies of Coenonympha tullia, genetic testing suggests it is a separate species.
Extreme phenotypic variation across several geographic ranges and subspecies populations characterizes Coenonympha california's wing shape. The wings' dorsal ground color varies, ranging from mild ochre, deep orange-ochre, yellow, and pale/white. An inconsistent presentation of submarginal eyespots, called ocelli, on the ventral hind wings closely correspond with this variation. Some butterflies can have many well-developed, dark ocelli within a single location, or they can have none at all. Additionally, the species exhibits localized intergradation, where characteristics like eyespot count and ground color create wide, continuous geographic clines instead of distinct morphological boundaries between nominal subspecies.
Coenonympha california contains the following subspecies: Coenonympha california mcisaaci Coenonympha california galactinus Coenonympha california benjamini Coenonympha... Wikipedia →