Melanosuchus niger
Silhouette: David Stanley · PhyloPic
In 3 days ~50% in a week ~80%
The black caiman (Melanosuchus niger) is a crocodilian reptile endemic to South America. With a maximum length of around 5 to 6.5 m (16 to 21 ft) and a mass of over 450 kg (1,000 lb), it is the largest living species of the family Alligatoridae, and the third-largest crocodilian in the Neotropical realm. True to its common and scientific names, the black caiman has a dark greenish-black coloration as an adult. In some individuals, the pigmentation can appear almost jet-black. It has grey to brown banding on the lower jaw; juveniles have a more vibrant coloration compared to adults, with prominent white-pale yellow banding on the flanks that remains present well into adulthood (more than most other species). The banding on young helps with camouflage by breaking up their body outline, on land or in water, in an effort to avoid predation. The morphology is quite different from other caimans but the bony ridge that occurs in other caimans is present. The head is large and heavy, an advantage in catching larger prey. Like all crocodilians, caimans are long, squat creatures, with big jaws, long tails and short legs. They have thick, scaled skin, and their eyes and noses are located on the tops of their heads. This enables them to see and breathe while the rest of their body is underwater.
A carnivorous animal, the black caiman lives along freshwater habitats, including slow-moving rivers, lakes and seasonally flooded savannas, where it preys upon a variety of fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Being an apex predator and potentially a keystone species, it is a generalist, capable of taking most animals within its range, and might have played a critical role in maintaining the structure of the ecosystem. Although only a mere few specific ecological studies have been conducted, it is observed that this species has its own niche which allows coexistence with other competitors.
Reproduction takes place in the dry season. Females build a nest mound with an egg chamber, protecting the eggs from predators. Hatchlings form groups called pods, guarded by the presence of the female. These pods may contain individuals from other nests. Once common, it was hunted to near extinction primarily for its commercially valuable hide. It is now making a comeback, listed as Conservation Dependent. Overall a little-known species, it was not researched in any detail until the 1980s, when the leather-trade had already taken its toll. It is a dangerous species to humans, and attacks have occurred in the past. Wikipedia →
| # | Park | Country | Daily sighting probability |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Anavilhanas National Park | 🇧🇷 Brazil | |
| 2 | Tambopata National Reserve | 🇵🇪 Peru | |
| 3 | Cuyabeno Wildlife Reserve | 🇪🇨 Ecuador | |
| 4 | Yasuní National Park | 🇪🇨 Ecuador | |
| 5 | Manu National Park | 🇵🇪 Peru |
| # | City | Country | Daily sighting probability |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Manaus | 🇧🇷 Brazil |
| # | Zoo / Centre | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Moscow Zoo | 🇷🇺 Russia | |
| 2 | Chester Zoo | 🇬🇧 United Kingdom | |
| 3 | Ukumarí Biopark | 🇨🇴 Colombia | |
| 4 | Temaikén | 🇦🇷 Argentina | |
| 5 | Guyana Zoo | 🇬🇾 Guyana | |
| 6 | Zoológico do CIGS | 🇧🇷 Brazil | |
| 7 | Parque Zoobotânico do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi | 🇧🇷 Brazil | |
| 8 | Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi | 🇧🇷 Brazil | |
| 9 | St. Augustine Alligator Farm Zoological Park | 🇺🇸 United States | |
| 10 | Zoo Criadero Tarqui | 🇪🇨 Ecuador | |
| 11 | Jacques Huber Aquarium | 🇧🇷 Brazil | |
| 12 | Huachipa Zoo Park | 🇵🇪 Peru |
Possible
About 20% of wildlife watchers report a Black Caiman sighting in Manaus on a given day, based on 10 verified sightings from GBIF citizen-science data. It is the 17th most-seen of the 20 reptiles we can rate there. Over three days the chance rises to about 50%, and over a week to about 80%, if each day is a fresh chance.
October and November
In those months about 40% of wildlife watchers report a Black Caiman in Manaus on a given day, against under 5% in April–May, July, September and December–February, the lowest months.
Between 4 and 7 pm
Across all the parks we cover, that three-hour window holds the most Black Caiman sightings with a recorded time, and about 7 in 10 of them come between 6 am and 6 pm: it is most active around dawn and dusk.
Only Manaus, in our data
Manaus is the only city on Wallace's Line with enough records to rate Black Caiman sightings: about 20% of wildlife watchers there report one on a given day.
Same family: Alligatoridae
The closest relatives of the Black Caiman that you can see in Manaus (family Alligatoridae, Alligators and Caimans) are Common Caiman (about 50%) and Smooth-fronted Caiman (about 30%), with each one's daily chance of a sighting.
GBIF citizen-science records
It is estimated from how often the Black Caiman is recorded against all the reptiles logged in Manaus (10 verified sightings), calibrated against known sighting rates. Figures are rounded to the nearest 10% because citizen-science data supports honest approximations, not decimals, and months with records from fewer than five people show "—". How it works.
