Belenois aurota
In 3 days ~70% in a week ~90%
Belenois aurota, the pioneer or pioneer white or caper white, is a small to medium-sized butterfly of the family Pieridae—that is, the yellows and whites—which is found in South Asia, West Asia and Africa. In Africa, it is also known as the brown-veined white, and is well known during summer and autumn when large numbers migrate north-east over the interior.
The upperside of males is white with the forewing having the costa from base to base of vein 11 dusky black and then jet black continuing into a widened and curving short streak along the discocellulars to the lower apex of the cell; apical area diagonally with the termen black, the former with six elongate outwardly pointed spots of the ground colour enclosed one in each of the interspaces 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 9. Hindwing: uniform, the black along the venation on the underside seen through by transparency; termen between veins 2 and 6 somewhat broadly black, with a series of four round spots of the ground colour in the interspaces; below vein 2 and above vein 6 the termen is very narrowly black. Underside: forewing white, markings similar, more clearly defined, the white spots within the black... Wikipedia →
| # | City | Country | Daily sighting probability |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jodhpur | 🇮🇳 India | |
| 2 | Serrekunda | 🇬🇲 Gambia | |
| 3 | New Delhi | 🇮🇳 India | |
| 4 | Hyderabad | 🇮🇳 India | |
| 5 | Kanpur | 🇮🇳 India | |
| 6 | Agra | 🇮🇳 India | |
| 7 | Salem | 🇮🇳 India | |
| 8 | Jabalpur | 🇮🇳 India | |
| 9 | Pune | 🇮🇳 India | |
| 10 | Coimbatore | 🇮🇳 India |
Possible
About 30% of wildlife watchers report a Pioneer White sighting in Serrekunda on a given day, based on 25 verified sightings from GBIF citizen-science data. It is the 3rd most-seen of the 12 insects we can rate there. Over three days the chance rises to about 70%, and over a week to about 90%, if each day is a fresh chance.
December
In that month about 50% of wildlife watchers report a Pioneer White in Serrekunda on a given day, against under 5% in April, the lowest month. That is one of Serrekunda's driest months, with almost no rain against 290 mm in August.
Between 9 am and noon
Across all the parks we cover, that three-hour window holds the most Pioneer White sightings with a recorded time, and about 9 in 10 of them come between 6 am and 6 pm: it is a daytime animal.
2nd of 31
Of the 31 cities where we can rate Pioneer White sightings, Serrekunda ranks 2nd at about 30%. The best odds are in Jodhpur (India, about 40%).
Same order: Lepidoptera
The closest relatives of the Pioneer White that you can see in Serrekunda (order Lepidoptera, Butterflies and Moths) are Plain Tiger Butterfly (about 40%), Dark Blue Pansy (about 40%) and Dancing Amber (about 30%), with each one's daily chance of a sighting.
GBIF citizen-science records
It is estimated from how often the Pioneer White is recorded against all the insects logged in Serrekunda (25 verified sightings), calibrated against known sighting rates. Figures are rounded to the nearest 10% because citizen-science data supports honest approximations, not decimals, and months with records from fewer than five people show "—". How it works.
