Old World Swallowtail

Old World Swallowtail

Papilio machaon

Daily sighting probability ~10% · With luck
at Rome

In 3 days ~40% in a week ~60%

45 Verified sightings at Rome
901 In all 21 parks From 2019 to 2026
September Best month
☀️ Diurnal When it's spotted

About the Old World Swallowtail

Papilio machaon, the Old World swallowtail, is a butterfly of the family Papilionidae. The butterfly is also known as the common yellow swallowtail or simply the swallowtail (a common name applied to all members of the family, but this species was the first to be given the name). It is the type species of the genus Papilio. This widespread species is found in much of the Palearctic and in North America.

This species is named after Machaon (Ancient Greek: Μαχάων, romanized: Makháōn) a figure in Greek mythology. He was a son of Asclepius in the works of Homer. Papilio machaon was named by Carl Linnaeus in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae in 1758, alongside nearly 200 other species of butterfly. Later, Pierre André Latreille designated it as the type species of the genus Papilio.

There are 41 recognized subspecies, that include: Papilio machaon gorganus is strongly migratory in Europe and may be found in almost all habitats. Wikipedia →

Global Distribution

Parks Where Found

# Park Country Daily sighting probability
1 Gobi Gurvansaikhan National Park 🇲🇳 Mongolia
~50%
2 Triglav National Park 🇸🇮 Slovenia
~40%
3 Mercantour National Park 🇫🇷 France
~30%
4 Vanoise National Park 🇫🇷 France
~30%
5 Ordesa y Monte Perdido National Park 🇪🇸 Spain
~30%
6 Pyrénées National Park 🇫🇷 France
~30%
7 Ecrins National Park 🇫🇷 France
~30%
8 Wrangell-St. Elias National Park 🇺🇸 United States
~30%
9 Cévennes National Park 🇫🇷 France
~20%
10 Aigüestortes National Park 🇪🇸 Spain
~20%
11 Picos de Europa National Park 🇪🇸 Spain
~20%
12 Sierra Nevada National Park 🇪🇸 Spain
~20%
13 Nikko National Park 🇯🇵 Japan
~20%
14 Monfragüe National Park 🇪🇸 Spain
~20%
15 Kluane National Park 🇨🇦 Canada
~20%
16 Bavarian Forest National Park 🇩🇪 Germany
~20%
17 Denali National Park 🇺🇸 United States
~10%
18 Hohe Tauern National Park 🇦🇹 Austria
~10%
19 Tatra National Park 🇸🇰 Slovakia
~10%
20 Fertő-Hanság National Park 🇭🇺 Hungary
~10%
21 Sierra de Guadarrama National Park 🇪🇸 Spain
~10%

Cities Where Found

# City Country Daily sighting probability
1 Ramallah 🇵🇸 Palestine
~30%
2 Turin 🇮🇹 Italy
~30%
3 Barcelona 🇪🇸 Spain
~20%
4 Jerusalem 🇮🇱 Israel
~20%
5 Athens 🇬🇷 Greece
~20%
6 Sapporo 🇯🇵 Japan
~20%
7 Valencia 🇪🇸 Spain
~20%
8 Nagoya 🇯🇵 Japan
~20%
9 Izmir 🇹🇷 Turkey
~20%
10 Lisbon 🇵🇹 Portugal
~20%

Before you go

What are the chances of seeing an Old World Swallowtail in Rome?

With luck

About 10% of wildlife watchers report an Old World Swallowtail sighting in Rome on a given day, based on 45 verified sightings from GBIF citizen-science data. It is the 24th most-seen of the 289 insects we can rate there. Over three days the chance rises to about 40%, and over a week to about 60%, if each day is a fresh chance.

When is the best time to see an Old World Swallowtail in Rome?

March–April, June and September

In those months about 20% of wildlife watchers report an Old World Swallowtail in Rome on a given day, against under 5% in December to February, the lowest months.

What time of day is best to see an Old World Swallowtail?

Between 11 am and 2 pm

Across all the parks we cover, that three-hour window holds the most Old World Swallowtail sightings with a recorded time, and about 9 in 10 of them come between 6 am and 6 pm: it is a daytime animal.

Is Rome the best place to see an Old World Swallowtail?

11th of 42

Of the 42 cities where we can rate Old World Swallowtail sightings, Rome ranks 11th at about 10%. The best odds are in Ramallah (Palestine, about 30%), Turin (Italy, about 30%) and Barcelona (Spain, about 20%).

Which relatives of the Old World Swallowtail live in Rome?

Same family: Papilionidae

The closest relatives of the Old World Swallowtail that you can see in Rome (family Papilionidae, Swallowtails and Parnassians) are Scarce Swallowtail (about 20%) and Italian Festoon (about 10%), with each one's daily chance of a sighting.

Where does the Old World Swallowtail sighting chance come from?

GBIF citizen-science records

It is estimated from how often the Old World Swallowtail is recorded against all the insects logged in Rome (45 verified sightings), calibrated against known sighting rates. Figures are rounded to the nearest 10% because citizen-science data supports honest approximations, not decimals, and months with records from fewer than five people show "—". How it works.

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