Junonia lemonias
In 3 days ~80% in a week >90%
Junonia lemonias, the lemon pansy, is a common nymphalid butterfly found in Cambodia and South Asia. It is found in gardens, fallow land, and open wooded areas. It is brown with numerous eyespots as well as black and lemon-yellow spots and lines on the upperside of the wings. The underside is a dull brown, with a number of wavy lines and spots in varying shades of brown and black. There is also an eyespot on the lower side of the forewing. The wet- and dry-season forms differ considerably in coloration and even shape. In the wet-season form the markings are distinct and vivid and the wing shape is a little more rounded. In the dry-season form the markings are obscure and pale especially on the underside and the wing margin is more angular and jagged. This helps it camouflage in the dried leaf litter.
The lemon pansy is a very active butterfly and can be seen basking with its wings open facing the sun. It sits very low to the ground and can be approached easily. It feeds with its wings half open. It is a fairly strong flier and flies close to the ground with rapid wingbeats and often returns to settle back in the same spots.
Eggs are laid... Wikipedia →
| # | Park | Country | Daily sighting probability |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Royal Manas National Park | 🇧🇹 Bhutan | |
| 2 | Mudumalai National Park | 🇮🇳 India | |
| 3 | Keoladeo National Park | 🇮🇳 India | |
| 4 | Doi Inthanon National Park | 🇹🇭 Thailand | |
| 5 | Khao Yai National Park | 🇹🇭 Thailand | |
| 6 | Taroko National Park | 🇹🇼 Taiwan | |
| 7 | Cat Tien National Park | 🇻🇳 Vietnam | |
| 8 | Kanha National Park | 🇮🇳 India | |
| 9 | Manas National Park | 🇮🇳 India | |
| 10 | Khao Sok National Park | 🇹🇭 Thailand | |
| 11 | Cuc Phuong National Park | 🇻🇳 Vietnam | |
| 12 | Ranthambore National Park | 🇮🇳 India | |
| 13 | Periyar National Park | 🇮🇳 India | |
| 14 | Satpura National Park | 🇮🇳 India | |
| 15 | Kaeng Krachan National Park | 🇹🇭 Thailand | |
| 16 | Chitwan National Park | 🇳🇵 Nepal | |
| 17 | Minneriya National Park | 🇱🇰 Sri Lanka |
| # | City | Country | Daily sighting probability |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Salem | 🇮🇳 India | |
| 2 | Raipur | 🇮🇳 India | |
| 3 | Xiuying District | 🇨🇳 China | |
| 4 | Jabalpur | 🇮🇳 India | |
| 5 | Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar | 🇮🇳 India | |
| 6 | Jamshedpur | 🇮🇳 India | |
| 7 | Bhopal | 🇮🇳 India | |
| 8 | Hyderabad | 🇮🇳 India | |
| 9 | Madurai | 🇮🇳 India | |
| 10 | Chennai | 🇮🇳 India |
Likely
About 40% of wildlife watchers report a Lemon Pansy sighting in Madurai on a given day, based on 12 verified sightings from GBIF citizen-science data. It is the 3rd most-seen of the 19 insects we can rate there. Over three days the chance rises to about 80%, and over a week to over 90%, if each day is a fresh chance.
October
In that month about 70% of wildlife watchers report a Lemon Pansy in Madurai on a given day, against about 10% in November to May, the lowest months. That is one of Madurai's wettest months, with about 200 mm of rain against 10 mm in January.
Between 9 am and noon
Across all the parks we cover, that three-hour window holds the most Lemon Pansy sightings with a recorded time, and about 9 in 10 of them come between 6 am and 6 pm: it is a daytime animal.
9th of 48
Of the 48 cities where we can rate Lemon Pansy sightings, Madurai ranks 9th at about 40%. The best odds are in Salem (India, about 50%), Raipur (India, about 50%) and Xiuying District (China, about 40%).
GBIF citizen-science records
It is estimated from how often the Lemon Pansy is recorded against all the insects logged in Madurai (12 verified sightings), calibrated against known sighting rates. Figures are rounded to the nearest 10% because citizen-science data supports honest approximations, not decimals, and months with records from fewer than five people show "—". How it works.
