Duttaphrynus melanostictus
Silhouette: Vijay Karthick · PhyloPic
In 3 days ~70% in a week >90%
Duttaphrynus melanostictus is commonly called Asian common toad, Asian black-spined toad, Asian toad, black-spectacled toad, common Sunda toad, and Javanese toad. It is probably a complex of more than one true toad species that is widely distributed in South and Southeast Asia.
The species grows to about 20 cm (8 in) long. Asian common toads breed during the monsoon, and their tadpoles are black. Young toads may be seen in large numbers after monsoon rains finish. Asian common toads occur widely from northern Pakistan through Nepal, Bangladesh, India including the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, southern China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau to Malaysia, Singapore, and the Indonesian islands of Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Anambas and Natuna Islands. They have been recorded from sea level up to 1,800 m (5,900 ft) altitude, and live mostly in disturbed lowland habitats, from upper beaches and riverbanks to human-dominated agricultural and urban areas. They are uncommon in closed forests.
The top of the head has several bony ridges, along the edge of the snout (canthal ridge), in front of... Wikipedia →
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| # | Park | Country | Daily sighting probability |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cuc Phuong National Park | 🇻🇳 Vietnam | |
| 2 | Cat Tien National Park | 🇻🇳 Vietnam | |
| 3 | Sinharaja Forest Reserve | 🇱🇰 Sri Lanka | |
| 4 | Way Kambas National Park | 🇮🇩 Indonesia | |
| 5 | Kaeng Krachan National Park | 🇹🇭 Thailand | |
| 6 | Nagarhole National Park | 🇮🇳 India | |
| 7 | Khao Sok National Park | 🇹🇭 Thailand | |
| 8 | Sepilok | 🇲🇾 Malaysia | |
| 9 | Tangkoko Nature Reserve | 🇮🇩 Indonesia | |
| 10 | Bandipur National Park | 🇮🇳 India | |
| 11 | Gunung Leuser National Park | 🇮🇩 Indonesia | |
| 12 | Bali Barat National Park | 🇮🇩 Indonesia | |
| 13 | Minneriya National Park | 🇱🇰 Sri Lanka | |
| 14 | Udawalawe National Park | 🇱🇰 Sri Lanka | |
| 15 | Taman Negara National Park | 🇲🇾 Malaysia | |
| 16 | Khao Yai National Park | 🇹🇭 Thailand | |
| 17 | Periyar National Park | 🇮🇳 India | |
| 18 | Ranthambore National Park | 🇮🇳 India | |
| 19 | Khao Luang National Park | 🇹🇭 Thailand | |
| 20 | Bako National Park | 🇲🇾 Malaysia |
| # | City | Country | Daily sighting probability |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Makassar | 🇮🇩 Indonesia | |
| 2 | Jakarta | 🇮🇩 Indonesia | |
| 3 | Malang | 🇮🇩 Indonesia | |
| 4 | Yogyakarta | 🇮🇩 Indonesia | |
| 5 | Denpasar | 🇮🇩 Indonesia | |
| 6 | Xiuying District | 🇨🇳 China | |
| 7 | Kuching | 🇲🇾 Malaysia | |
| 8 | Tasikmalaya | 🇮🇩 Indonesia | |
| 9 | Dhaka | 🇧🇩 Bangladesh | |
| 10 | Thiruvananthapuram | 🇮🇳 India |
| # | Zoo / Centre | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cleveland Metroparks Zoo | 🇺🇸 United States | |
| 2 | Bronx Zoo | 🇺🇸 United States | |
| 3 | Sedgwick County Zoo | 🇺🇸 United States | |
| 4 | Night Safari | 🇸🇬 Singapore | |
| 5 | Singapore Zoo | 🇸🇬 Singapore | |
| 6 | Philadelphia Zoo | 🇺🇸 United States | |
| 7 | Saigon Zoo and Botanical Gardens | 🇻🇳 Vietnam | |
| 8 | River Wonders | 🇸🇬 Singapore | |
| 9 | Macau Zoo | 🇲🇴 Macao SAR China | |
| 10 | Randers Tropical Zoo | 🇩🇰 Denmark | |
| 11 | Ocean Park Hong Kong | 🇨🇳 China |
Likely
About 40% of wildlife watchers report a Common Indian Toad sighting in Kochi on a given day, based on 171 verified sightings from GBIF citizen-science data. It is the most-seen of the 8 amphibians we can rate there. Over three days the chance rises to about 70%, and over a week to over 90%, if each day is a fresh chance.
April
In that month about 50% of wildlife watchers report a Common Indian Toad in Kochi on a given day, against about 30% in July and September–March, the lowest months. That is one of Kochi's driest months, with about 130 mm of rain against 490 mm in June.
Between 7 and 10 pm
Across all the parks we cover, that three-hour window holds the most Common Indian Toad sightings with a recorded time, and about 7 in 10 of them come between 6 pm and 6 am: it is mostly seen at night.
44th of 67
Of the 67 cities where we can rate Common Indian Toad sightings, Kochi ranks 44th at about 40%. The best odds are in Makassar (Indonesia, about 80%), Jakarta (Indonesia, about 80%) and Malang (Indonesia, about 80%).
Same order: Anura
The closest relatives of the Common Indian Toad that you can see in Kochi (order Anura, Frogs and Toads) are Indus Valley Bullfrog (about 30%), Waynad bush frog (about 20%) and Sri Lankan Bullfrog (about 10%), with each one's daily chance of a sighting.
GBIF citizen-science records
It is estimated from how often the Common Indian Toad is recorded against all the amphibians logged in Kochi (171 verified sightings), calibrated against known sighting rates. Figures are rounded to the nearest 10% because citizen-science data supports honest approximations, not decimals, and months with records from fewer than five people show "—". How it works.
