Lonchura cucullata
Silhouette: Ferran Sayol · PhyloPic
In 3 days ~80% in a week >90%
The bronze mannikin or bronze munia (Spermestes cucullata) is a small passerine (i.e. perching) bird of the Afrotropics. This very social estrildid finch is an uncommon to locally abundant bird in much of Africa south of the Sahara Desert, where it is resident, nomadic or irruptive in mesic savanna or forest margin habitats. It has an estimated global extent of occurrence of 23,600,000 km2 (9,100,000 sq mi). It is the smallest and most widespread of four munia species on the African mainland, the other being black-and-white, red-backed and magpie mannikin. It co-occurs with the Madagascar mannikin on the Comoro Islands, and was introduced to Puerto Rico. Especially in the West Africa, it is considered a pest in grain and rice fields. It is locally trapped for the pet bird trade.
The bronze mannikin was formally described in 1837 by the English naturalist William Swainson and given the binomial name Spermestes cucullata. The specific epithet is from Late Latin cucullatus meaning "hooded". The type locality is Senegal.
Two subspecies are recognised: Wikipedia →
Recording0:31
Botswana · 2020
© Dewald du Plessis · iNaturalist · CC BY-NC 4.0
Recording0:06
Gabon · 2021
© bureaubenjamin · iNaturalist · CC BY-NC 4.0
Recording0:11
South Africa · 2021
© Errol Douwes · iNaturalist · CC BY-NC 4.0
| # | City | Country | Daily sighting probability |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Brazzaville | 🇨🇬 Republic of the Congo | |
| 2 | Maputo | 🇲🇿 Mozambique | |
| 3 | Yaoundé | 🇨🇲 Cameroon | |
| 4 | Serrekunda | 🇬🇲 Gambia | |
| 5 | Kigali | 🇷🇼 Rwanda | |
| 6 | Durban | 🇿🇦 South Africa | |
| 7 | Abuja | 🇳🇬 Nigeria | |
| 8 | Nairobi | 🇰🇪 Kenya | |
| 9 | Mombasa | 🇰🇪 Kenya | |
| 10 | Harare | 🇿🇼 Zimbabwe |
Likely
About 40% of wildlife watchers report a Bronze Mannikin sighting in Pretoria on a given day, based on 304 verified sightings from GBIF citizen-science data. It is the 19th most-seen of the 177 birds we can rate there. Over three days the chance rises to about 80%, and over a week to over 90%, if each day is a fresh chance.
March to May
In those months about 50% of wildlife watchers report a Bronze Mannikin in Pretoria on a given day, against about 20% in January, the lowest month.
Between 8 and 11 am
Across all the parks we cover, that three-hour window holds the most Bronze Mannikin sightings with a recorded time, and about 9 in 10 of them come between 6 am and 6 pm: it is a daytime animal.
13th of 33
Of the 33 cities where we can rate Bronze Mannikin sightings, Pretoria ranks 13th at about 40%. The best odds are in Brazzaville (Republic of the Congo, about 80%), Maputo (Mozambique, about 70%) and Yaoundé (Cameroon, about 70%).
Same family: Estrildidae
The closest relatives of the Bronze Mannikin that you can see in Pretoria (family Estrildidae, Waxbills and Allies) are Cut-throat (about 20%), Red-headed Finch (about 10%) and Blue-breasted Cordonbleu (about 10%), with each one's daily chance of a sighting.
GBIF citizen-science records
It is estimated from how often the Bronze Mannikin is recorded against all the birds logged in Pretoria (304 verified sightings), calibrated against known sighting rates. Figures are rounded to the nearest 10% because citizen-science data supports honest approximations, not decimals, and months with records from fewer than five people show "—". How it works.
