Ceyx erithaca
Silhouette: Rachael Joakim · PhyloPic
In 3 days ~40% in a week ~60%
The black-backed dwarf kingfisher (Ceyx erithaca), also known as the three-toed kingfisher, is a pocket-sized bird in the family Alcedinidae. It was formerly considered as conspecific with the rufous-backed dwarf kingfisher and together the species complex was known by the English name "oriental dwarf kingfisher".
This tropical kingfisher is a partial migrant that is endemic to parts of the Indian Subcontinent and Mainland Southeast Asia. It resides in lowland forests, typically near streams or ponds, where it feeds upon insects, spiders, worms, crabs, fish, frogs, and lizards. It is easily distinguishable from other birds in its range due to its red bill, yellow-orange underparts, lilac-rufous upperparts, and blue-black back.
The black-backed kingfisher was formally described in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae. He placed it with the other kingfishers in the genus Alcedo and coined the binomial name Alcedo erithaca. The specific epithet is from Latin erithacus meaning "robin" and hence "red-breasted". Linnaeus based his account on "The small kingfisher from Bengall" that had been described and illustrated... Wikipedia →
| # | Park | Country | Daily sighting probability |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sepilok | 🇲🇾 Malaysia | |
| 2 | Way Kambas National Park | 🇮🇩 Indonesia | |
| 3 | Tanjung Puting National Park | 🇮🇩 Indonesia | |
| 4 | Bali Barat National Park | 🇮🇩 Indonesia | |
| 5 | Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary | 🇲🇾 Malaysia | |
| 6 | Danum Valley Conservation Area | 🇲🇾 Malaysia | |
| 7 | Gunung Leuser National Park | 🇮🇩 Indonesia | |
| 8 | Bako National Park | 🇲🇾 Malaysia | |
| 9 | Taman Negara National Park | 🇲🇾 Malaysia | |
| 10 | Khao Sok National Park | 🇹🇭 Thailand | |
| 11 | Wilpattu National Park | 🇱🇰 Sri Lanka | |
| 12 | Sinharaja Forest Reserve | 🇱🇰 Sri Lanka | |
| 13 | Kaeng Krachan National Park | 🇹🇭 Thailand | |
| 14 | Minneriya National Park | 🇱🇰 Sri Lanka | |
| 15 | Khao Luang National Park | 🇹🇭 Thailand | |
| 16 | Kerinci Seblat National Park | 🇮🇩 Indonesia | |
| 17 | Kinabalu Park | 🇲🇾 Malaysia | |
| 18 | Cat Tien National Park | 🇻🇳 Vietnam | |
| 19 | Yala National Park | 🇱🇰 Sri Lanka | |
| 20 | Manas National Park | 🇮🇳 India | |
| 21 | Royal Manas National Park | 🇧🇹 Bhutan |
With luck
About 10% of wildlife watchers report a Black-backed Dwarf-Kingfisher sighting in Gunung Leuser National Park on a given day, based on 45 verified sightings from GBIF citizen-science data from 2019 to 2026. It is the 45th most-seen of the 166 birds we can rate there. Over three days the chance rises to about 40%, and over a week to about 60%, if each day is a fresh chance.
February
In that month about 40% of wildlife watchers report a Black-backed Dwarf-Kingfisher in Gunung Leuser National Park on a given day, against under 5% in August–September and December, the lowest months. That is one of Gunung Leuser National Park's driest months, with about 150 mm of rain against 700 mm in September.
Between noon and 3 pm
Across all the parks we cover, that three-hour window holds the most Black-backed Dwarf-Kingfisher sightings with a recorded time, and about 7 in 10 of them come between 6 am and 6 pm: it is a daytime animal.
7th of 21
Of the 21 parks where we can rate Black-backed Dwarf-Kingfisher sightings, Gunung Leuser National Park ranks 7th at about 10%. The best odds are in Sepilok (Malaysia, about 40%), Way Kambas National Park (Indonesia, about 30%) and Tanjung Puting National Park (Indonesia, about 20%).
Same family: Alcedinidae
The closest relatives of the Black-backed Dwarf-Kingfisher that you can see in Gunung Leuser National Park (family Alcedinidae, Kingfishers) are White-throated Kingfisher (about 10%), Stork-billed Kingfisher (about 10%) and Collared Kingfisher (about 10%), with each one's daily chance of a sighting.
GBIF citizen-science records
It is estimated from how often the Black-backed Dwarf-Kingfisher is recorded against all the birds logged in Gunung Leuser National Park (45 verified sightings from 2019 to 2026), calibrated against known sighting rates. Figures are rounded to the nearest 10% because citizen-science data supports honest approximations, not decimals, and months with records from fewer than five people show "—". How it works.
