Tirumala petiverana
In 3 days ~20% in a week ~40%
Tirumala petiverana, the blue monarch, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is widespread in tropical and subtropical Sub-Saharan Africa. Their habitat consists of Afromontane, lowland and riverine forests as well as moist savanna.
The wingspan is 60–75 mm. There is one generation per year. Adults are on wing from February to May (with peaks in April) in Zimbabwe. The larvae feed on Pergularia extensa, Pergularia daemia, Daemia, Hoya, and Marsdenia rubicunda.
Seitz, A. Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde 13: Die Afrikanischen Tagfalter. Plate XIII 25 Wikipedia →
| # | City | Country | Daily sighting probability |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kigali | 🇷🇼 Rwanda | |
| 2 | San José | 🇨🇷 Costa Rica | |
| 3 | San Pedro Sula | 🇭🇳 Honduras | |
| 4 | San Salvador | 🇸🇻 El Salvador | |
| 5 | Nairobi | 🇰🇪 Kenya | |
| 6 | Panama City | 🇵🇦 Panama |
With luck
About 10% of wildlife watchers report a Blue Monarch sighting in Arenal Volcano National Park on a given day, based on 11 verified sightings from GBIF citizen-science data from 2019 to 2026. It is the 114th most-seen of the 302 insects we can rate there. Over three days the chance rises to about 20%, and over a week to about 40%, if each day is a fresh chance.
February–May, July and November–December
In those months about 10% of wildlife watchers report a Blue Monarch in Arenal Volcano National Park on a given day, against under 5% in January, June and August–October, the lowest months.
Between 9 am and noon
Across all the parks we cover, that three-hour window holds the most Blue Monarch sightings with a recorded time, and about 9 in 10 of them come between 6 am and 6 pm: it is a daytime animal.
24th of 24
Of the 24 parks where we can rate Blue Monarch sightings, Arenal Volcano National Park ranks 24th at about 10%. The best odds are in Arrecifes de Cozumel National Park (Mexico, about 40%), Pico Bonito National Park (Honduras, about 20%) and Biotopo Cerro Cahuí (Guatemala, about 20%).
Same family: Nymphalidae
The closest relatives of the Blue Monarch that you can see in Arenal Volcano National Park (family Nymphalidae, Brush-footed Butterflies) are Banded Peacock (about 30%), Banded Owl-Butterfly (about 20%) and Julia Heliconian (about 20%), with each one's daily chance of a sighting.
GBIF citizen-science records
It is estimated from how often the Blue Monarch is recorded against all the insects logged in Arenal Volcano National Park (11 verified sightings from 2019 to 2026), calibrated against known sighting rates. Figures are rounded to the nearest 10% because citizen-science data supports honest approximations, not decimals, and months with records from fewer than five people show "—". How it works.
