Icterus mesomelas
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In 3 days <5%
The yellow-tailed oriole (Icterus mesomelas) is a passerine bird in the New World family Icteridae. It breeds from southern Mexico to western Peru and northwestern Venezuela; in Peru it also lives in a river valley corridor.
The yellow-tailed oriole is 22–23 cm (8.7–9.1 in) long and weighs 70 g (2.5 oz). It is mainly yellow with a black back, lower face and upper breast. The wings are black with yellow epaulets. The tail, seen from above, is black with yellow margins; from below, it appears almost entirely yellow. This is the only oriole with prominent yellow in the tail, hence the species' name. The sexes are similar, but young birds have the black on the back and tail replaced with olive-green.
There are four subspecies: Icterus mesomelas mesomelas – (Wagler, 1829): nominate, found from Mexico to Honduras, has yellow fringes to the tertials Icterus mesomelas salvinii – Cassin, 1867: found in the Caribbean lowlands of Nicaragua and Costa Rica, has no yellow fringes to the tertials and is more orange than the nominate race
Icterus mesomelas carrikeri – Todd, 1917: found in Panama, Colombia and northwestern Venezuela, is like salvinii, but less orange and smaller-billed Icterus mesomelas taczanowskiis – Ridgway, 1901: found in Pacific South America from Ecuador to western Peru, has white fringes to the tertials
The calls of this species include a chick and a weechaw. The song is a melodic repetition of rich whistles, chuck, chuck-yeeaow. It is often given as a duet, with the female's response following or overlapping the male's longer phrases.
This large oriole inhabits dense thickets, often with vines, Heliconias and similar dense growths, in swampy lowlands. The birds forage in pairs or small groups in denser vegetation than most orioles, mainly feeding on insects, although they will also take nectar and certain fruits such as gumbo-limbo (Bursera simaruba).
It builds a deep but thin cup nest 2 m (6.6 ft) high in a thorny scrub by a stream. It lays three dark-blotched white eggs, which hatch in 13 days with a further 14 days to fledging. The yellow-tailed oriole is fairly common except in Peru and Venezuela, but is reducing in numbers in parts of its range because of persecution by the cage-bird trade; this species is valued for both its appearance and its beautiful song. Wikipedia →
| # | Park | Country | Daily sighting probability |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary | 🇧🇿 Belize | |
| 2 | Soberanía National Park | 🇵🇦 Panama | |
| 3 | Montes Azules Biosphere Reserve | 🇲🇽 Mexico | |
| 4 | Machalilla National Park | 🇪🇨 Ecuador | |
| 5 | Calakmul Biosphere Reserve | 🇲🇽 Mexico | |
| 6 | Ría Lagartos Biosphere Reserve | 🇲🇽 Mexico | |
| 7 | Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve | 🇲🇽 Mexico | |
| 8 | Celestún Biosphere Reserve | 🇲🇽 Mexico | |
| 9 | Bastimentos Island National Marine Park | 🇵🇦 Panama | |
| 10 | Darién National Park | 🇵🇦 Panama | |
| 11 | Tayrona National Natural Park | 🇨🇴 Colombia | |
| 12 | La Amistad International Park (Panama) | 🇵🇦 Panama | |
| 13 | Tikal National Park | 🇬🇹 Guatemala | |
| 14 | Parque Natural Metropolitano | 🇵🇦 Panama | |
| 15 | Podocarpus National Park | 🇪🇨 Ecuador | |
| 16 | Gandoca-Manzanillo Wildlife Refuge | 🇨🇷 Costa Rica |
| # | Zoo / Centre | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Xcaret | 🇲🇽 Mexico |
Rare
Under 5% of wildlife watchers report a Yellow-tailed Oriole sighting in Gandoca-Manzanillo Wildlife Refuge on a given day, based on 6 verified sightings from GBIF citizen-science data from 2019 to 2026. It is the 317th most-seen of the 329 birds we can rate there. Over three days the chance rises to under 5%, if each day is a fresh chance.
Any time of year
In every month with enough records, under 5% of wildlife watchers report a Yellow-tailed Oriole in Gandoca-Manzanillo Wildlife Refuge on a given day, so our monthly data shows no clear season.
Between 7 and 10 am
Across all the parks we cover, that three-hour window holds the most Yellow-tailed Oriole sightings with a recorded time, and about 9 in 10 of them come between 6 am and 6 pm: it is a daytime animal.
16th of 16
Of the 16 parks where we can rate Yellow-tailed Oriole sightings, Gandoca-Manzanillo Wildlife Refuge ranks 16th at under 5%. The best odds are in Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary (Belize, about 20%), Soberanía National Park (Panama, about 20%) and Montes Azules Biosphere Reserve (Mexico, about 20%).
Same genus: Icterus
The closest relatives of the Yellow-tailed Oriole that you can see in Gandoca-Manzanillo Wildlife Refuge (genus Icterus, New World Orioles) are Baltimore Oriole (about 10%) and Black-cowled Oriole (about 10%), with each one's daily chance of a sighting.
GBIF citizen-science records
It is estimated from how often the Yellow-tailed Oriole is recorded against all the birds logged in Gandoca-Manzanillo Wildlife Refuge (6 verified sightings from 2019 to 2026), calibrated against known sighting rates. Figures are rounded to the nearest 10% because citizen-science data supports honest approximations, not decimals, and months with records from fewer than five people show "—". How it works.
