Chlidonias niger
Silhouette: Andy Wilson · PhyloPic
In 3 days <5% in a week ~10%
The black tern (Chlidonias niger) is a small tern generally found in or near inland water that breeds in Europe, Western Asia and North America. In winter the birds migrate to coastal areas of Africa and South America. The black tern was formally described in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae under the binomial name Sterna nigra. Linnaeus specified the type location as Europe but it is now restricted to Uppsala in Sweden. The black tern is now one of four species placed in the genus Chlidonias that was introduced in 1822 by the French naturalist Constantine Rafinesque. The genus name is from Ancient Greek khelidonios, "swallow-like", from khelidon, "swallow": another old English name for the black tern is "carr (i.e. lake) swallow". The species name is from Latin niger "shining black". As its name suggests, it has predominantly dark plumage. In some lights it can appear blue in the breeding season, hence the old English name "blue darr".
Two subspecies are recognised. These are listed below with their breeding ranges. Adults are 25 cm (10 in) long, with a wingspan 61 cm (24 in), and weigh 62... Wikipedia →
| # | City | Country | Daily sighting probability |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dakar | 🇸🇳 Senegal | |
| 2 | Accra | 🇬🇭 Ghana | |
| 3 | Bucharest | 🇷🇴 Romania | |
| 4 | Warsaw | 🇵🇱 Poland | |
| 5 | Calgary | 🇨🇦 Canada | |
| 6 | Kyiv | 🇺🇦 Ukraine | |
| 7 | Barranquilla | 🇨🇴 Colombia | |
| 8 | Istanbul | 🇹🇷 Turkey | |
| 9 | Saint Petersburg | 🇷🇺 Russia | |
| 10 | Mexico City | 🇲🇽 México |
Rare
Under 5% of wildlife watchers report a Black Tern sighting in Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge on a given day, based on 105 verified sightings from GBIF citizen-science data from 2019 to 2026. It is the 176th most-seen of the 279 birds we can rate there. Over three days the chance rises to under 5%, and over a week to about 10%, if each day is a fresh chance.
August and September
In those months about 10% of wildlife watchers report a Black Tern in Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge on a given day, against under 5% in October to July, the lowest months. Those are among Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge's wettest months, with about 190 mm of rain a month against 50 mm in March.
Between 11 am and 2 pm
Across all the parks we cover, that three-hour window holds the most Black Tern sightings with a recorded time, and about 9 in 10 of them come between 6 am and 6 pm: it is a daytime animal.
25th of 36
Of the 36 parks where we can rate Black Tern sightings, Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge ranks 25th at under 5%. The best odds are in Padre Island National Seashore (United States, about 30%), Biebrza National Park (Poland, about 20%) and Elk Island National Park (Canada, about 20%).
Same family: Laridae
The closest relatives of the Black Tern that you can see in Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge (family Laridae, Gulls, Terns, and Skimmers) are Laughing Gull (about 50%), Royal Tern (about 40%) and Ring-billed Gull (about 40%), with each one's daily chance of a sighting.
GBIF citizen-science records
It is estimated from how often the Black Tern is recorded against all the birds logged in Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge (105 verified sightings from 2019 to 2026), calibrated against known sighting rates. Figures are rounded to the nearest 10% because citizen-science data supports honest approximations, not decimals, and months with records from fewer than five people show "—". How it works.
