Protonotaria citrea
Silhouette: Andy Wilson · PhyloPic
In 3 days ~40% in a week ~70%
The prothonotary warbler (Protonotaria citrea) is a small songbird of the New World warbler family. It is named for its plumage, which resembles the yellow robes once worn by papal clerks (named prothonotaries) in the Roman Catholic Church.
The prothonotary warbler is the only member of the genus Protonotaria and the only eastern warbler that nests in natural or artificial cavities. These warblers often move with quick, jerky, movements and will even crawl upside down on sticks or trees. During the spring they are often seen in wetlands gathering nesting material, or food, for their mate.
The prothonotary warbler was described by the French polymath Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon in 1779 in his Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux from a specimen collected in Louisiana. Buffon coined the French name Le figuier protonotaire. The bird was also illustrated in a hand-coloured plate engraved by François-Nicolas Martinet in the Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle, which was produced under the supervision of Edme-Louis Daubenton to accompany Buffon's text. Neither the plate caption nor Buffon's description included a scientific name but in 1783 the Dutch naturalist... Wikipedia →
| # | City | Country | Daily sighting probability |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Barranquilla | 🇨🇴 Colombia | |
| 2 | Panama City | 🇵🇦 Panama | |
| 3 | Havana | 🇨🇺 Cuba | |
| 4 | Santo Domingo | 🇩🇴 Dominican Republic | |
| 5 | Washington | 🇺🇸 United States | |
| 6 | Orlando | 🇺🇸 United States | |
| 7 | Medellín | 🇨🇴 Colombia | |
| 8 | San José | 🇨🇷 Costa Rica | |
| 9 | Bogota | 🇨🇴 Colombia | |
| 10 | Chicago | 🇺🇸 United States |
| # | Zoo / Centre | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Como Park Zoo and Conservatory | 🇺🇸 United States | |
| 2 | Como Zoo | 🇺🇸 United States |
Possible
About 20% of wildlife watchers report a Prothonotary Warbler sighting in Carara National Park on a given day, based on 1,299 verified sightings from GBIF citizen-science data from 2019 to 2026. It is the 107th most-seen of the 414 birds we can rate there. Over three days the chance rises to about 40%, and over a week to about 70%, if each day is a fresh chance.
December to February
In those months about 30% of wildlife watchers report a Prothonotary Warbler in Carara National Park on a given day, against under 5% in April to August, the lowest months. Those are among Carara National Park's driest months, with about 85 mm of rain a month against 730 mm in October.
Between 8 and 11 am
Across all the parks we cover, that three-hour window holds the most Prothonotary Warbler sightings with a recorded time, and about 9 in 10 of them come between 6 am and 6 pm: it is a daytime animal.
5th of 47
Of the 47 parks where we can rate Prothonotary Warbler sightings, Carara National Park ranks 5th at about 20%. The best odds are in Bastimentos Island National Marine Park (Panama, about 40%), Point Pelee National Park (Canada, about 40%) and Utría National Natural Park (Colombia, about 30%). All parks ranked.
Same family: Parulidae
The closest relatives of the Prothonotary Warbler that you can see in Carara National Park (family Parulidae, New World Warblers) are Yellow Warbler (about 40%), Northern Waterthrush (about 30%) and Chestnut-sided Warbler (about 30%), with each one's daily chance of a sighting.
GBIF citizen-science records
It is estimated from how often the Prothonotary Warbler is recorded against all the birds logged in Carara National Park (1,299 verified sightings from 2019 to 2026), calibrated against known sighting rates. Figures are rounded to the nearest 10% because citizen-science data supports honest approximations, not decimals, and months with records from fewer than five people show "—". How it works.
