Challenge

South American City Birds

Q: Where is the best place to see South American City Birds?

Rio de Janeiro. In Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, the chance of seeing all 5 (great kiskadee, southern house wren, tropical kingbird, black vulture and ground dove) on the same day is about 30%, the highest of the 77 places where all of them live, and over a three-day visit it rises to about 90%. Next come Salvador (about 30% a day), Tijuca National Park (about 20% a day) and Caracas (about 20% a day). It multiplies each animal's daily chance, as if they were independent, so read it as a rough guide.

Q: Which of South American City Birds is hardest to see?

Tropical kingbird. In Rio de Janeiro, the best place for South American City Birds, about about 70% of wildlife watchers report the tropical kingbird on a given day, against about 90% for the great kiskadee. The hardest one decides how many days you need.

Q: How do you complete South American City Birds on Wallace's Line?

Mark them as seen. Tick ✓ Seen on each animal's card, add your trips, or link your iNaturalist account. Your passport counts South American City Birds three ways: anywhere in the world, all in one park, and all in a single trip.

South AmericaEasy

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The checklist: 5 animals

Pitangus sulphuratus

Daily sighting probability >90% · Very likely

Troglodytes musculus

Daily sighting probability ~90% · Very likely

Tyrannus melancholicus

Daily sighting probability ~90% · Very likely

Coragyps atratus

Daily sighting probability ~90% · Very likely

Zenaida auriculata

Daily sighting probability >90% · Very likely

Where to go

Chance of seeing in

Month by month at Rio de Janeiro

>90%

Jan

~90%

Feb

>90%

Mar

~90%

Apr

~90%

May

~90%

Jun

~90%

Jul

~90%

Aug

~90%

Sep

~90%

Oct

~90%

Nov

>90%

Dec

Time of day

Where they are recorded most Parks with some of them Cities with some of them

Parks

#	Park	Country	Animals	All 5 in 3 days
1	Tijuca National Park	🇧🇷 Brazil	5 of 5	~90%
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Southern House Wren			>90%
	Tropical Kingbird			>90%
	Black Vulture			>90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			>90%
2	Serra dos Órgãos National Park	🇧🇷 Brazil	5 of 5	~70%
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Southern House Wren			>90%
	Tropical Kingbird			~90%
	Black Vulture			~90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~90%
3	Marino Ballena National Park	🇨🇷 Costa Rica	5 of 5	~60%
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Southern House Wren			~90%
	Tropical Kingbird			>90%
	Black Vulture			>90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~80%
4	Iberá National Park	🇦🇷 Argentina	5 of 5	~60%
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Southern House Wren			~90%
	Tropical Kingbird			~80%
	Black Vulture			~90%
	Eared Dove			~90%
5	Iguazú National Park	🇦🇷 Argentina	5 of 5	~50%
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Southern House Wren			>90%
	Tropical Kingbird			~60%
	Black Vulture			>90%
	Eared Dove			~90%
6	Piedras Blancas National Park	🇨🇷 Costa Rica	5 of 5	~50%
	Great Kiskadee			~90%
	Southern House Wren			~80%
	Tropical Kingbird			~90%
	Black Vulture			~80%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~80%
7	El Palmar National Park	🇦🇷 Argentina	5 of 5	~40%
	Great Kiskadee			~90%
	Southern House Wren			~90%
	Tropical Kingbird			~90%
	Black Vulture			~60%
	Eared Dove			>90%
8	Iguaçu National Park	🇧🇷 Brazil	5 of 5	~40%
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Southern House Wren			~90%
	Tropical Kingbird			~60%
	Black Vulture			>90%
	Eared Dove			~80%
9	Serra da Canastra National Park	🇧🇷 Brazil	5 of 5	~40%
	Great Kiskadee			~90%
	Southern House Wren			~80%
	Tropical Kingbird			~70%
	Black Vulture			~90%
	Eared Dove			~80%
10	Parque Natural Metropolitano	🇵🇦 Panama	5 of 5	~40%
	Great Kiskadee			~50%
	Southern House Wren			~80%
	Tropical Kingbird			>90%
	Black Vulture			>90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~90%
11	El Impenetrable National Park	🇦🇷 Argentina	5 of 5	~30%
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Southern House Wren			>90%
	Tropical Kingbird			~70%
	Black Vulture			~90%
	Eared Dove			~60%
12	Soberanía National Park	🇵🇦 Panama	5 of 5	~30%
	Great Kiskadee			~80%
	Southern House Wren			~70%
	Tropical Kingbird			>90%
	Black Vulture			>90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~60%
13	Caroni Swamp	🇹🇹 Trinidad and Tobago	5 of 5	~30%
	Great Kiskadee			~90%
	Southern House Wren			~40%
	Tropical Kingbird			~90%
	Black Vulture			~90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~90%
14	Tayrona National Natural Park	🇨🇴 Colombia	5 of 5	~30%
	Great Kiskadee			~60%
	Southern House Wren			~80%
	Tropical Kingbird			~90%
	Black Vulture			>90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~70%
15	Gandoca-Manzanillo Wildlife Refuge	🇨🇷 Costa Rica	5 of 5	~30%
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Southern House Wren			~60%
	Tropical Kingbird			~80%
	Black Vulture			>90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~60%
16	San Lorenzo Protected Forest	🇵🇦 Panama	5 of 5	~30%
	Great Kiskadee			~90%
	Southern House Wren			~70%
	Tropical Kingbird			~90%
	Black Vulture			>90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~50%
17	Cerro Azul Meámbar National Park	🇭🇳 Honduras	5 of 5	~20%
	Great Kiskadee			~90%
	Southern House Wren			~70%
	Tropical Kingbird			~90%
	Black Vulture			~90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~50%
18	Lago de Yojoa	🇭🇳 Honduras	5 of 5	~20%
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Southern House Wren			~70%
	Tropical Kingbird			~90%
	Black Vulture			>90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~40%
19	Braulio Carrillo National Park	🇨🇷 Costa Rica	5 of 5	~20%
	Great Kiskadee			~80%
	Southern House Wren			~70%
	Tropical Kingbird			~80%
	Black Vulture			~90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~50%
20	Montes Azules Biosphere Reserve	🇲🇽 Mexico	5 of 5	~20%
	Great Kiskadee			~60%
	Southern House Wren			~70%
	Tropical Kingbird			~70%
	Black Vulture			~80%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~80%
21	La Amistad International Park (Panama)	🇵🇦 Panama	5 of 5	~20%
	Great Kiskadee			~80%
	Southern House Wren			~80%
	Tropical Kingbird			~80%
	Black Vulture			~90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~40%
22	Henri Pittier National Park	🇻🇪 Venezuela	5 of 5	~20%
	Great Kiskadee			~80%
	Southern House Wren			~70%
	Tropical Kingbird			~80%
	Black Vulture			~70%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~50%
23	Chapada Diamantina National Park	🇧🇷 Brazil	5 of 5	~20%
	Great Kiskadee			~90%
	Southern House Wren			~90%
	Tropical Kingbird			~90%
	Black Vulture			~60%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~40%
24	Arenal Volcano National Park	🇨🇷 Costa Rica	5 of 5	~20%
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Southern House Wren			~80%
	Tropical Kingbird			~90%
	Black Vulture			~90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~30%
25	Cahuita National Park	🇨🇷 Costa Rica	5 of 5	~20%
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Southern House Wren			~50%
	Tropical Kingbird			~80%
	Black Vulture			>90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~50%
26	Cusuco National Park	🇭🇳 Honduras	5 of 5	~20%
	Great Kiskadee			~90%
	Southern House Wren			~90%
	Tropical Kingbird			~60%
	Black Vulture			~90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~40%
27	Chirripó National Park	🇨🇷 Costa Rica	5 of 5	~20%
	Great Kiskadee			~80%
	Southern House Wren			~80%
	Tropical Kingbird			~70%
	Black Vulture			~80%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~50%
28	Manuel Antonio National Park	🇨🇷 Costa Rica	5 of 5	~10%
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Southern House Wren			~50%
	Tropical Kingbird			~90%
	Black Vulture			>90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~30%
29	Chapada dos Guimarães National Park	🇧🇷 Brazil	5 of 5	~10%
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Southern House Wren			~40%
	Tropical Kingbird			~50%
	Black Vulture			~70%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			>90%
30	Tenorio Volcano National Park	🇨🇷 Costa Rica	5 of 5	~10%
	Great Kiskadee			~90%
	Southern House Wren			~70%
	Tropical Kingbird			~90%
	Black Vulture			~90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~30%
31	Emas National Park	🇧🇷 Brazil	5 of 5	~10%
	Great Kiskadee			~90%
	Southern House Wren			~30%
	Tropical Kingbird			~60%
	Black Vulture			~90%
	Eared Dove			~90%
32	Corcovado National Park	🇨🇷 Costa Rica	5 of 5	~10%
	Great Kiskadee			~80%
	Southern House Wren			~50%
	Tropical Kingbird			~70%
	Black Vulture			~90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~40%
33	Farallones de Cali National Natural Park	🇨🇴 Colombia	5 of 5	~10%
	Great Kiskadee			~40%
	Southern House Wren			~80%
	Tropical Kingbird			~80%
	Black Vulture			~90%
	Eared Dove			~50%
34	Sierra de la Macarena National Park	🇨🇴 Colombia	5 of 5	~10%
	Great Kiskadee			~70%
	Southern House Wren			~80%
	Tropical Kingbird			~90%
	Black Vulture			~80%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~20%
35	Carara National Park	🇨🇷 Costa Rica	5 of 5	~10%
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Southern House Wren			~20%
	Tropical Kingbird			~90%
	Black Vulture			>90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~60%
36	Celestún Biosphere Reserve	🇲🇽 Mexico	5 of 5	~10%
	Great Kiskadee			~40%
	Southern House Wren			~30%
	Tropical Kingbird			~90%
	Black Vulture			~80%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~90%
37	Itatiaia National Park	🇧🇷 Brazil	5 of 5	~10%
	Great Kiskadee			~90%
	Southern House Wren			~90%
	Tropical Kingbird			~40%
	Black Vulture			~80%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~30%
38	Amacayacu National Natural Park	🇨🇴 Colombia	5 of 5	~10%
	Great Kiskadee			~80%
	Southern House Wren			~20%
	Tropical Kingbird			~80%
	Black Vulture			~80%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~40%
39	Chagres National Park	🇵🇦 Panama	5 of 5	~10%
	Great Kiskadee			~20%
	Southern House Wren			~90%
	Tropical Kingbird			~80%
	Black Vulture			~90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~50%
40	Manu National Park	🇵🇪 Peru	5 of 5	<5%
	Great Kiskadee			~60%
	Southern House Wren			~50%
	Tropical Kingbird			~80%
	Black Vulture			~80%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~20%
41	Tortuguero National Park	🇨🇷 Costa Rica	5 of 5	<5%
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Southern House Wren			~30%
	Tropical Kingbird			~90%
	Black Vulture			>90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~20%
42	Anavilhanas National Park	🇧🇷 Brazil	5 of 5	<5%
	Great Kiskadee			~70%
	Southern House Wren			~30%
	Tropical Kingbird			~90%
	Black Vulture			~90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~20%
43	Pico Bonito National Park	🇭🇳 Honduras	5 of 5	<5%
	Great Kiskadee			~90%
	Southern House Wren			~40%
	Tropical Kingbird			~50%
	Black Vulture			~90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~20%
44	Rincón de la Vieja National Park	🇨🇷 Costa Rica	5 of 5	<5%
	Great Kiskadee			~90%
	Southern House Wren			~30%
	Tropical Kingbird			~80%
	Black Vulture			~90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~10%
45	Biotopo Cerro Cahuí	🇬🇹 Guatemala	5 of 5	<5%
	Great Kiskadee			~60%
	Southern House Wren			~20%
	Tropical Kingbird			~60%
	Black Vulture			~60%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~20%
46	Volcán Barú National Park	🇵🇦 Panama	4 of 5	Missing: Ground dove
	Great Kiskadee			~40%
	Southern House Wren			~70%
	Tropical Kingbird			~40%
	Black Vulture			~90%
47	Amboró National Park	🇧🇴 Bolivia	4 of 5	Missing: Ground dove
	Great Kiskadee			~20%
	Southern House Wren			~90%
	Tropical Kingbird			~60%
	Black Vulture			~60%
48	La Tigra National Park	🇭🇳 Honduras	4 of 5	Missing: Tropical kingbird
	Great Kiskadee			~30%
	Southern House Wren			~80%
	Black Vulture			~90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~20%
49	Masaya Volcano National Park	🇳🇮 Nicaragua	4 of 5	Missing: Southern house wren
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Tropical Kingbird			>90%
	Black Vulture			~90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			>90%
50	Palo Verde National Park	🇨🇷 Costa Rica	4 of 5	Missing: Southern house wren
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Tropical Kingbird			~90%
	Black Vulture			~90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~50%
51	Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve	🇲🇽 Mexico	4 of 5	Missing: Southern house wren
	Great Kiskadee			~90%
	Tropical Kingbird			~80%
	Black Vulture			~90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~90%
52	Yasuní National Park	🇪🇨 Ecuador	4 of 5	Missing: Ground dove
	Great Kiskadee			~90%
	Southern House Wren			~50%
	Tropical Kingbird			~90%
	Black Vulture			~80%
53	Bastimentos Island National Marine Park	🇵🇦 Panama	4 of 5	Missing: Ground dove
	Great Kiskadee			~90%
	Southern House Wren			~70%
	Tropical Kingbird			~80%
	Black Vulture			~90%
54	Cañón del Sumidero National Park	🇲🇽 Mexico	4 of 5	Missing: Ground dove
	Great Kiskadee			~60%
	Southern House Wren			~40%
	Tropical Kingbird			~80%
	Black Vulture			>90%
55	Celaque National Park	🇭🇳 Honduras	4 of 5	Missing: Ground dove
	Great Kiskadee			~70%
	Southern House Wren			~80%
	Tropical Kingbird			~40%
	Black Vulture			~90%
56	Coiba National Park	🇵🇦 Panama	4 of 5	Missing: Ground dove
	Great Kiskadee			~70%
	Southern House Wren			~90%
	Tropical Kingbird			~80%
	Black Vulture			>90%
57	Arrecifes de Cozumel National Park	🇲🇽 Mexico	4 of 5	Missing: Southern house wren
	Great Kiskadee			~80%
	Tropical Kingbird			>90%
	Black Vulture			>90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~90%
58	Cuyabeno Wildlife Reserve	🇪🇨 Ecuador	4 of 5	Missing: Ground dove
	Great Kiskadee			~90%
	Southern House Wren			~30%
	Tropical Kingbird			~90%
	Black Vulture			~90%
59	Parque Estadual Encontro das Águas	🇧🇷 Brazil	4 of 5	Missing: Southern house wren
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Tropical Kingbird			>90%
	Black Vulture			>90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~80%
60	Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve	🇨🇷 Costa Rica	4 of 5	Missing: Ground dove
	Great Kiskadee			~70%
	Southern House Wren			~90%
	Tropical Kingbird			~80%
	Black Vulture			~80%
61	Machalilla National Park	🇪🇨 Ecuador	4 of 5	Missing: Great kiskadee
	Southern House Wren			>90%
	Tropical Kingbird			~80%
	Black Vulture			~90%
	Eared Dove			~90%
62	Poás Volcano National Park	🇨🇷 Costa Rica	4 of 5	Missing: Ground dove
	Great Kiskadee			~40%
	Southern House Wren			~30%
	Tropical Kingbird			~50%
	Black Vulture			~90%
63	Ría Lagartos Biosphere Reserve	🇲🇽 Mexico	4 of 5	Missing: Southern house wren
	Great Kiskadee			~40%
	Tropical Kingbird			~80%
	Black Vulture			~70%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~40%
64	Utría National Natural Park	🇨🇴 Colombia	4 of 5	Missing: Ground dove
	Great Kiskadee			~20%
	Southern House Wren			~40%
	Tropical Kingbird			~70%
	Black Vulture			~80%
65	El Triunfo	🇲🇽 Mexico	4 of 5	Missing: Ground dove
	Great Kiskadee			~60%
	Southern House Wren			~60%
	Tropical Kingbird			~50%
	Black Vulture			~70%
66	Calakmul Biosphere Reserve	🇲🇽 Mexico	4 of 5	Missing: Southern house wren
	Great Kiskadee			~70%
	Tropical Kingbird			~40%
	Black Vulture			~60%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~40%
67	Chingaza National Natural Park	🇨🇴 Colombia	4 of 5	Missing: Great kiskadee
	Southern House Wren			~70%
	Tropical Kingbird			~20%
	Black Vulture			~60%
	Eared Dove			~50%
68	Tambopata National Reserve	🇵🇪 Peru	4 of 5	Missing: Ground dove
	Great Kiskadee			~30%
	Southern House Wren			~20%
	Tropical Kingbird			~50%
	Black Vulture			~70%
69	Tapantí-Macizo de la Muerte National Park	🇨🇷 Costa Rica	4 of 5	Missing: Ground dove
	Great Kiskadee			~20%
	Southern House Wren			~40%
	Tropical Kingbird			~40%
	Black Vulture			~70%
70	Los Nevados National Natural Park	🇨🇴 Colombia	4 of 5	Missing: Great kiskadee
	Southern House Wren			~20%
	Tropical Kingbird			~30%
	Black Vulture			~50%
	Eared Dove			~60%
71	Darién National Park	🇵🇦 Panama	4 of 5	Missing: Great kiskadee
	Southern House Wren			~30%
	Tropical Kingbird			~50%
	Black Vulture			~50%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~30%
72	Las Baulas Marine National Park	🇨🇷 Costa Rica	3 of 5	Missing: Southern house wren, Ground dove
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Tropical Kingbird			>90%
	Black Vulture			>90%
73	Ostional Wildlife Refuge	🇨🇷 Costa Rica	3 of 5	Missing: Southern house wren, Ground dove
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Tropical Kingbird			~90%
	Black Vulture			>90%
74	Santa Rosa National Park	🇨🇷 Costa Rica	3 of 5	Missing: Southern house wren, Ground dove
	Great Kiskadee			~90%
	Tropical Kingbird			~50%
	Black Vulture			~80%
75	Cabo Blanco Absolute Nature Reserve	🇨🇷 Costa Rica	3 of 5	Missing: Southern house wren, Ground dove
	Great Kiskadee			~90%
	Tropical Kingbird			~80%
	Black Vulture			~90%
76	Tikal National Park	🇬🇹 Guatemala	3 of 5	Missing: Southern house wren, Ground dove
	Great Kiskadee			~60%
	Tropical Kingbird			~60%
	Black Vulture			~90%
77	Main Ridge Forest Reserve	🇹🇹 Trinidad and Tobago	3 of 5	Missing: Great kiskadee, Black vulture
	Southern House Wren			~90%
	Tropical Kingbird			>90%
	Eared Dove			~30%
78	Nahuel Huapi National Park	🇦🇷 Argentina	3 of 5	Missing: Great kiskadee, Tropical kingbird
	Southern House Wren			~90%
	Black Vulture			~70%
	Eared Dove			~50%
79	Vicente Pérez Rosales National Park	🇨🇱 Chile	3 of 5	Missing: Great kiskadee, Tropical kingbird
	Southern House Wren			~90%
	Black Vulture			~90%
	Eared Dove			~20%
80	Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary	🇧🇿 Belize	3 of 5	Missing: Southern house wren, Ground dove
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Tropical Kingbird			~30%
	Black Vulture			~50%
81	Cumbres de Monterrey National Park	🇲🇽 Mexico	3 of 5	Missing: Southern house wren, Ground dove
	Great Kiskadee			~70%
	Tropical Kingbird			~30%
	Black Vulture			~50%
82	Irazú Volcano National Park	🇨🇷 Costa Rica	3 of 5	Missing: Great kiskadee, Ground dove
	Southern House Wren			~30%
	Tropical Kingbird			~30%
	Black Vulture			~80%
83	Los Quetzales National Park	🇨🇷 Costa Rica	3 of 5	Missing: Southern house wren, Ground dove
	Great Kiskadee			~20%
	Tropical Kingbird			~30%
	Black Vulture			~80%
84	Podocarpus National Park	🇪🇨 Ecuador	3 of 5	Missing: Great kiskadee, Ground dove
	Southern House Wren			~20%
	Tropical Kingbird			~50%
	Black Vulture			~30%
85	Península Valdés	🇦🇷 Argentina	3 of 5	Missing: Great kiskadee, Tropical kingbird
	Southern House Wren			~20%
	Black Vulture			~20%
	Eared Dove			~50%
86	Torres del Paine National Park	🇨🇱 Chile	2 of 5	Missing: Great kiskadee, Tropical kingbird, Black vulture
	Southern House Wren			~90%
	Eared Dove			~40%
87	Everglades National Park	🇺🇸 United States	2 of 5	Missing: Great kiskadee, Southern house wren, Ground dove
	Tropical Kingbird			~20%
	Black Vulture			~90%
88	Tierra del Fuego National Park	🇦🇷 Argentina	1 of 5	Missing: Great kiskadee, Tropical kingbird, Black vulture, Ground dove
	Southern House Wren			>90%
89	Big Cypress National Preserve	🇺🇸 United States	1 of 5	Missing: Great kiskadee, Southern house wren, Tropical kingbird, Ground dove
	Black Vulture			>90%
90	Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge	🇺🇸 United States	1 of 5	Missing: Great kiskadee, Southern house wren, Tropical kingbird, Ground dove
	Black Vulture			~90%
91	Congaree National Park	🇺🇸 United States	1 of 5	Missing: Great kiskadee, Southern house wren, Tropical kingbird, Ground dove
	Black Vulture			~70%
92	Shenandoah National Park	🇺🇸 United States	1 of 5	Missing: Great kiskadee, Southern house wren, Tropical kingbird, Ground dove
	Black Vulture			~50%
93	Big Bend National Park	🇺🇸 United States	1 of 5	Missing: Great kiskadee, Southern house wren, Tropical kingbird, Ground dove
	Black Vulture			~40%
94	Death Valley National Park	🇺🇸 United States	1 of 5	Missing: Great kiskadee, Southern house wren, Tropical kingbird, Black vulture
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~40%
95	Brownsberg Nature Park	🇸🇷 Suriname	1 of 5	Missing: Great kiskadee, Southern house wren, Tropical kingbird, Ground dove
	Black Vulture			~40%
96	Cabo Pulmo National Park	🇲🇽 Mexico	1 of 5	Missing: Great kiskadee, Southern house wren, Tropical kingbird, Black vulture
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~20%

Cities

#	City	Country	Animals	All 5 in 3 days
1	Rio de Janeiro	🇧🇷 Brazil	5 of 5	~90%
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Southern House Wren			>90%
	Tropical Kingbird			>90%
	Black Vulture			>90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			>90%
2	Caracas	🇻🇪 Venezuela	5 of 5	~90%
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Southern House Wren			>90%
	Tropical Kingbird			>90%
	Black Vulture			>90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~90%
3	Salvador	🇧🇷 Brazil	5 of 5	~90%
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Southern House Wren			~90%
	Tropical Kingbird			>90%
	Black Vulture			~90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			>90%
4	Medellín	🇨🇴 Colombia	5 of 5	~90%
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Southern House Wren			~90%
	Tropical Kingbird			>90%
	Black Vulture			~90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			>90%
5	Belém	🇧🇷 Brazil	5 of 5	~80%
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Southern House Wren			>90%
	Tropical Kingbird			>90%
	Black Vulture			>90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~90%
6	Cali	🇨🇴 Colombia	5 of 5	~80%
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Southern House Wren			~90%
	Tropical Kingbird			>90%
	Black Vulture			~90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			>90%
7	João Pessoa	🇧🇷 Brazil	5 of 5	~80%
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Southern House Wren			~90%
	Tropical Kingbird			>90%
	Black Vulture			~90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			>90%
8	Maceió	🇧🇷 Brazil	5 of 5	~80%
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Southern House Wren			>90%
	Tropical Kingbird			>90%
	Black Vulture			>90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~90%
9	Vitória	🇧🇷 Brazil	5 of 5	~80%
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Southern House Wren			~80%
	Tropical Kingbird			>90%
	Black Vulture			>90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			>90%
10	Recife	🇧🇷 Brazil	5 of 5	~70%
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Southern House Wren			~90%
	Tropical Kingbird			~90%
	Black Vulture			>90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~90%
11	Santos	🇧🇷 Brazil	5 of 5	~70%
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Southern House Wren			~90%
	Tropical Kingbird			~90%
	Black Vulture			>90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~90%
12	Fortaleza	🇧🇷 Brazil	5 of 5	~70%
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Southern House Wren			~90%
	Tropical Kingbird			~90%
	Black Vulture			~80%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			>90%
13	Natal	🇧🇷 Brazil	5 of 5	~70%
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Southern House Wren			>90%
	Tropical Kingbird			>90%
	Black Vulture			~90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~80%
14	Porto Alegre	🇧🇷 Brazil	5 of 5	~60%
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Southern House Wren			~90%
	Tropical Kingbird			~80%
	Black Vulture			~80%
	Eared Dove			>90%
15	Belo Horizonte	🇧🇷 Brazil	5 of 5	~60%
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Southern House Wren			~90%
	Tropical Kingbird			~90%
	Black Vulture			~80%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			>90%
16	Campinas	🇧🇷 Brazil	5 of 5	~60%
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Southern House Wren			~80%
	Tropical Kingbird			~80%
	Black Vulture			~90%
	Eared Dove			>90%
17	São Paulo	🇧🇷 Brazil	5 of 5	~60%
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Southern House Wren			>90%
	Tropical Kingbird			~70%
	Black Vulture			>90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~90%
18	Niterói	🇧🇷 Brazil	5 of 5	~60%
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Southern House Wren			>90%
	Tropical Kingbird			>90%
	Black Vulture			>90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~60%
19	Curitiba	🇧🇷 Brazil	5 of 5	~60%
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Southern House Wren			~90%
	Tropical Kingbird			~70%
	Black Vulture			~90%
	Eared Dove			>90%
20	Brasilia	🇧🇷 Brazil	5 of 5	~50%
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Southern House Wren			~90%
	Tropical Kingbird			~90%
	Black Vulture			~70%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~90%
21	Valencia	🇻🇪 Venezuela	5 of 5	~50%
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Southern House Wren			~90%
	Tropical Kingbird			>90%
	Black Vulture			~70%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~80%
22	Panama City	🇵🇦 Panama	5 of 5	~50%
	Great Kiskadee			~60%
	Southern House Wren			~80%
	Tropical Kingbird			>90%
	Black Vulture			>90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			>90%
23	São Luís	🇧🇷 Brazil	5 of 5	~40%
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Southern House Wren			~80%
	Tropical Kingbird			>90%
	Black Vulture			>90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~60%
24	Asuncion	🇵🇾 Paraguay	5 of 5	~40%
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Southern House Wren			~90%
	Tropical Kingbird			~90%
	Black Vulture			~70%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~90%
25	Barranquilla	🇨🇴 Colombia	5 of 5	~40%
	Great Kiskadee			~80%
	Southern House Wren			~80%
	Tropical Kingbird			~90%
	Black Vulture			>90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~80%
26	San Pedro Sula	🇭🇳 Honduras	5 of 5	~30%
	Great Kiskadee			~90%
	Southern House Wren			~50%
	Tropical Kingbird			>90%
	Black Vulture			~90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~90%
27	Santa Cruz de la Sierra	🇧🇴 Bolivia	5 of 5	~20%
	Great Kiskadee			~90%
	Southern House Wren			~80%
	Tropical Kingbird			~60%
	Black Vulture			~60%
	Eared Dove			~70%
28	San Salvador	🇸🇻 El Salvador	5 of 5	~20%
	Great Kiskadee			~80%
	Southern House Wren			~50%
	Tropical Kingbird			~90%
	Black Vulture			~60%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			>90%
29	Tegucigalpa	🇭🇳 Honduras	5 of 5	~20%
	Great Kiskadee			~50%
	Southern House Wren			~60%
	Tropical Kingbird			~90%
	Black Vulture			>90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~70%
30	Goiânia	🇧🇷 Brazil	5 of 5	~20%
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Southern House Wren			~30%
	Tropical Kingbird			~80%
	Black Vulture			~90%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			>90%
31	Cordoba	🇦🇷 Argentina	5 of 5	~10%
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Southern House Wren			>90%
	Tropical Kingbird			~30%
	Black Vulture			~50%
	Eared Dove			>90%
32	Maracaibo	🇻🇪 Venezuela	5 of 5	<5%
	Great Kiskadee			~50%
	Southern House Wren			~30%
	Tropical Kingbird			>90%
	Black Vulture			~70%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~20%
33	Campo Grande	🇧🇷 Brazil	4 of 5	Missing: Southern house wren
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Tropical Kingbird			~90%
	Black Vulture			~80%
	Eared Dove			>90%
34	Buenos Aires	🇦🇷 Argentina	4 of 5	Missing: Black vulture
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Southern House Wren			>90%
	Tropical Kingbird			~60%
	Eared Dove			>90%
35	Manaus	🇧🇷 Brazil	4 of 5	Missing: Ground dove
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Southern House Wren			>90%
	Tropical Kingbird			>90%
	Black Vulture			~90%
36	San José	🇨🇷 Costa Rica	4 of 5	Missing: Ground dove
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Southern House Wren			~80%
	Tropical Kingbird			>90%
	Black Vulture			~80%
37	Rosario	🇦🇷 Argentina	4 of 5	Missing: Black vulture
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Southern House Wren			>90%
	Tropical Kingbird			~50%
	Eared Dove			>90%
38	Montevideo	🇺🇾 Uruguay	4 of 5	Missing: Black vulture
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Southern House Wren			~90%
	Tropical Kingbird			~60%
	Eared Dove			>90%
39	Cochabamba	🇧🇴 Bolivia	4 of 5	Missing: Black vulture
	Great Kiskadee			~90%
	Southern House Wren			~90%
	Tropical Kingbird			~40%
	Eared Dove			>90%
40	Mendoza	🇦🇷 Argentina	4 of 5	Missing: Black vulture
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Southern House Wren			~90%
	Tropical Kingbird			~70%
	Eared Dove			>90%
41	Guatemala City	🇬🇹 Guatemala	4 of 5	Missing: Ground dove
	Great Kiskadee			~20%
	Southern House Wren			~90%
	Tropical Kingbird			~20%
	Black Vulture			~80%
42	Managua	🇳🇮 Nicaragua	4 of 5	Missing: Southern house wren
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Tropical Kingbird			>90%
	Black Vulture			~80%
	Ruddy Ground-Dove			~90%
43	Guayaquil	🇪🇨 Ecuador	4 of 5	Missing: Great kiskadee
	Southern House Wren			~70%
	Tropical Kingbird			>90%
	Black Vulture			~90%
	Eared Dove			~90%
44	Bogota	🇨🇴 Colombia	4 of 5	Missing: Great kiskadee
	Southern House Wren			>90%
	Tropical Kingbird			>90%
	Black Vulture			~90%
	Eared Dove			>90%
45	Lima	🇵🇪 Peru	4 of 5	Missing: Great kiskadee
	Southern House Wren			~90%
	Tropical Kingbird			~80%
	Black Vulture			>90%
	Eared Dove			~70%
46	Quito	🇪🇨 Ecuador	4 of 5	Missing: Great kiskadee
	Southern House Wren			~20%
	Tropical Kingbird			~30%
	Black Vulture			~70%
	Eared Dove			>90%
47	Monterrey	🇲🇽 México	3 of 5	Missing: Southern house wren, Ground dove
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Tropical Kingbird			~90%
	Black Vulture			~60%
48	Guadalajara	🇲🇽 México	3 of 5	Missing: Southern house wren, Ground dove
	Great Kiskadee			>90%
	Tropical Kingbird			~90%
	Black Vulture			~60%
49	León	🇲🇽 México	3 of 5	Missing: Southern house wren, Ground dove
	Great Kiskadee			~90%
	Tropical Kingbird			~30%
	Black Vulture			~90%
50	La Paz	🇧🇴 Bolivia	2 of 5	Missing: Great kiskadee, Tropical kingbird, Black vulture
	Southern House Wren			~90%
	Eared Dove			>90%
51	Arequipa	🇵🇪 Peru	2 of 5	Missing: Great kiskadee, Tropical kingbird, Black vulture
	Southern House Wren			~90%
	Eared Dove			>90%
52	Santiago	🇨🇱 Chile	2 of 5	Missing: Great kiskadee, Tropical kingbird, Black vulture
	Southern House Wren			>90%
	Eared Dove			>90%
53	San Antonio	🇺🇸 United States	1 of 5	Missing: Great kiskadee, Southern house wren, Tropical kingbird, Ground dove
	Black Vulture			~80%
54	Austin	🇺🇸 United States	1 of 5	Missing: Great kiskadee, Southern house wren, Tropical kingbird, Ground dove
	Black Vulture			~70%
55	Puebla	🇲🇽 México	1 of 5	Missing: Great kiskadee, Southern house wren, Black vulture, Ground dove
	Tropical Kingbird			~70%
56	Houston	🇺🇸 United States	1 of 5	Missing: Great kiskadee, Southern house wren, Tropical kingbird, Ground dove
	Black Vulture			~60%
57	Torreón	🇲🇽 México	1 of 5	Missing: Great kiskadee, Southern house wren, Black vulture, Ground dove
	Tropical Kingbird			~50%
58	Orlando	🇺🇸 United States	1 of 5	Missing: Great kiskadee, Southern house wren, Tropical kingbird, Ground dove
	Black Vulture			~40%
59	Miami	🇺🇸 United States	1 of 5	Missing: Great kiskadee, Southern house wren, Tropical kingbird, Ground dove
	Black Vulture			~40%
60	San Luis Potosí	🇲🇽 México	1 of 5	Missing: Southern house wren, Tropical kingbird, Black vulture, Ground dove
	Great Kiskadee			~30%
61	Baltimore	🇺🇸 United States	1 of 5	Missing: Great kiskadee, Southern house wren, Tropical kingbird, Ground dove
	Black Vulture			~30%
62	Mexico City	🇲🇽 México	1 of 5	Missing: Great kiskadee, Southern house wren, Black vulture, Ground dove
	Tropical Kingbird			~30%
63	Washington	🇺🇸 United States	1 of 5	Missing: Great kiskadee, Southern house wren, Tropical kingbird, Ground dove
	Black Vulture			~30%
64	Dallas	🇺🇸 United States	1 of 5	Missing: Great kiskadee, Southern house wren, Tropical kingbird, Ground dove
	Black Vulture			~20%
65	Philadelphia	🇺🇸 United States	1 of 5	Missing: Great kiskadee, Southern house wren, Tropical kingbird, Ground dove
	Black Vulture			~20%

Zoos & centres

#	Zoo / Centre	Country
1	Parque das Aves	🇧🇷 Brazil	2 of 5 in captivity
2	World of Birds Wildlife Sanctuary and Monkey Park	🇿🇦 South Africa	2 of 5 in captivity
3	Disney's Animal Kingdom	🇺🇸 United States	1 of 5 in captivity
4	San Diego Zoo	🇺🇸 United States	1 of 5 in captivity
5	Prague Zoo	🇨🇿 Czechia	1 of 5 in captivity
6	ZooParc de Beauval	🇫🇷 France	1 of 5 in captivity
7	Ostrava Zoo	🇨🇿 Czechia	1 of 5 in captivity
8	Zoo Pilsen	🇨🇿 Czechia	1 of 5 in captivity
9	Parc des oiseaux	🇫🇷 France	1 of 5 in captivity
10	Le rocher des aigles	🇫🇷 France	1 of 5 in captivity
11	Agroflori Parque de las Aves	🇧🇴 Bolivia	1 of 5 in captivity
12	Alipore Zoological Gardens	🇮🇳 India	1 of 5 in captivity
13	Amaru	🇪🇨 Ecuador	1 of 5 in captivity
14	Animal Forest	🇺🇸 United States	1 of 5 in captivity
15	Aquamundo	🇨🇱 Chile	1 of 5 in captivity
16	Aquarium Berlin	🇩🇪 Germany	1 of 5 in captivity
17	Arequipa zoo	🇵🇪 Peru	1 of 5 in captivity
18	Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum	🇺🇸 United States	1 of 5 in captivity
19	Bandung Zoo	🇮🇩 Indonesia	1 of 5 in captivity
20	Berlin Zoological Garden	🇩🇪 Germany	1 of 5 in captivity

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Before you go

Where is the best place to see South American City Birds?

Rio de Janeiro

In Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, the chance of seeing all 5 (great kiskadee, southern house wren, tropical kingbird, black vulture and ground dove) on the same day is about 30%, the highest of the 77 places where all of them live, and over a three-day visit it rises to about 90%. Next come Salvador (about 30% a day), Tijuca National Park (about 20% a day) and Caracas (about 20% a day). It multiplies each animal's daily chance, as if they were independent, so read it as a rough guide.

Which of South American City Birds is hardest to see?

Tropical kingbird

In Rio de Janeiro, the best place for South American City Birds, about about 70% of wildlife watchers report the tropical kingbird on a given day, against about 90% for the great kiskadee. The hardest one decides how many days you need.

How do you complete South American City Birds on Wallace's Line?

Mark them as seen

Tick ✓ Seen on each animal's card, add your trips, or link your iNaturalist account. Your passport counts South American City Birds three ways: anywhere in the world, all in one park, and all in a single trip.

← All challenges

South American City Birds

The checklist: 5 animals

Great Kiskadee

Southern House Wren

Tropical Kingbird

Black Vulture

Eared Dove

Where to go

Month by month at Rio de Janeiro

Month by month at Rio de Janeiro

Month by month at Rio de Janeiro

Month by month at Salvador

Month by month at Salvador

Month by month at Tijuca National Park

Time of day

Parks

Cities

Zoos & centres

Before you go

Where is the best place to see South American City Birds?

Which of South American City Birds is hardest to see?

How do you complete South American City Birds on Wallace's Line?